Performance da resolução de problemas no ensino de equação do 2º grau, um estudo dos métodos de fatoração e do Método de Po-Shen Loh

Abstract

The present work aims to investigate the contributions of a teaching proposal through Problem Solving on the articulation of the methods of Factoring Algebraic Expressions and the method of Po-Shen Loh in solving 2nd degree equations. For this, the Field Research focused on carrying out a twenty-hour short course, entitled: Teaching 2nd degree equations in the light of Problem Solving, offered to ten Mathematics teachers from the state network of Pernambuco. The theoretical framework of this research is structured in three parts: (1) Mathematics teaching-learning-assessment methodology through Problem Solving; (2) 2nd grade Equation Teaching in Basic Education and (3) Continuing Formation of Mathematics Teachers. The methodology adopted was of a qualitative nature, consisting of data collection instruments: observations, material written and produced by the course teachers during the Mini-course, audio recordings (face-to-face meetings), video recording (virtual meetings) and two questionnaires (Pre and Post Minicourse). The Field Research was thought of in the articulation between Problem Solving and the object of study of this research, the Factoring Methods of Algebraic Expressions and the Po-Shen Loh Method, as pedagogical alternatives to teach and solve high school equations. The course teachers effectively participated in the formative meetings, exploring the methods of solving 2nd degree equations based on the methods of Factoring Algebraic Expressions, the recent Po-Shen Loh method and also through other didactic-methodological strategies and procedures. The results achieved with the participating teachers, pointed out two perspectives for the teaching of Mathematics, the first for experiencing and visualizing the potential of the Problem Solving Methodology as an opportunity to improve their teaching practice and second, knowing and understanding the Method of Po -Shen Loh and Factoring methods, as a promising pedagogical alternative for teaching and learning high school equations. Thus, this research contributed significantly to mathematical knowledge, to the teaching practice of Mathematics teachers and consequently to student learning.