A análise das questões da fase I Olimpíada Brasileira de Química Júnior do ano de 2020: a primeira olimpíada de química em formato digital

Abstract

The present study aims to understand the characteristics of the questions and the performance of elementary school students in the Phase I test of the Brazilian Junior Chemistry Olympiad, the first national chemistry test in digital format. It is a descriptive, exploratory and explanatory research, based on document analysis and error analysis methodology. Considers the nature of the research object contemplates a harmonious approach to the qualitative and quantitative dimensions for data analysis. The research was developed through the universe of the 20 questions of the test of Phase I of the OBQJr 2020, with the digital format of closed problems, containing a statement and four answer alternatives, of which only one was correct and the others were the distractors. The primary data of the results of the answers of the 65,100 (sixty-five thousand) students, in each question, were obtained directly from the National Coordination of the PNOQ, through the percentages of correct answers, errors and blanks. Data analysis presents its typologies of questions that were established based on 4 dimensions: i) nature of the utterance; ii) problematic context; iii) field of knowledge; and iv) characteristics of the resolution. In the analytical view, the identification of the degree of difficulty of the analyzed questions was based on the use of the performance index (ID) or the correct answer. The results and discussions include diagnosing the typologies of the problems and the contextualization that involve real or simulated contexts, as well as a reference matrix to guide treatments to the knowledge, skills and competences to be evaluated in the OBQJr questions. The instrument analyzed in the questions in the quantitative and qualitative aspects stands out in the verified results, that in the exam among the 20 (twenty) questions the maximum number of correct answers were 17 (seventeen) questions, that is, no candidate got all the questions right, considering remote resolution. Another highlighted point are the questions elaborated with the innovative aspect that provides skills and abilities with diversified forms of representations, using contextualized and technological chemical language. The proposal of the educational product is presented in an appendix, a guide for the elaboration of a Chemistry question was produced in digital format, in EPUB format.