A contextualização e a interdisciplinaridade nas questões do Exame Nacional do Ensino Médio abordando o tema Biotecnologia

Abstract

The present study has had as objective to analyse how contextualization interdisciplinarity are got effective in the New ENEM, on questions involving contents of Biotechnology. In order to organize the theoretical scene for analysis, we have adopted the developed studies by Japiassú (1976), Fazenda (2001), Ricardo (2005) Kato and Kawasaki (2007), Dias (2008), Lopes (2010); altogether with official documents ruling education in Brazil. The research is characterized as qualitative, seeking to analyse and answer the following questions: which context are explored in the questions on Biotechnology in the ENEM exams? In the questions analysed, are there connections between contents of Biotechnology and other knowledge disciplines? How are pre-suppositions presented of contextualization and interdisciplinarity in questions of ENEM exams, approaching the content of Biotechnology? For that, we have taken the technique for content analysis and we have used as research instrument the tests of the new ENEM, made in the period of this study, the contextualization has been present in 87,5% of questions exploring contents related to Biotechnology. About the interdisciplinarity, we have observed that the elements expressing it, are presented in minor proportion, just 17% from the analysed questions. Under this view point, we can consider that there is difference between what is proposed by the document that the new ENEM recommends and official documents of the Brazilian Education. Thus, it’s considerable that the results of this study may bring meaningful contributions for a better comprehension about the meaning of contextualization and interdisciplinarity in the questions of the tests, more specifically regarding to questions of the new ENEM exam. As it is about a Master Degree Programme in the Education field, the result analysis supplied the elaboration of an academic product, in way of Didactic Sequence, in order to approach the diversities of themes of Biotechnology from pre-suppositions of contextualization and interdisciplinarity. The aim is that the results of this investigation can foster the comprehension of other aspects which may come out from ENEM and from the approach of contents worked in classes, motivating researches in the academic scenario.