Fatores sociodemográficos, biopsicossociais associados ao bruxismo em escolares de 8 a 10 anos

Abstract

Bruxism is the repetitive activity of the chewing muscles characterized by the clenching or grinding of the teeth and/or the movement of the jaw, expressed in two different periods of the daily cicle, sleep and wakefulness. It has a high prevalence among children and is associated with several biopsychosocial factors. Aim: To analyze sociodemographic variables, chronotype, sleep quality, parafunctional habits, sports practice, electronic devices use, bullying related to oral condition, dental caries and family functioning associated with bruxism in children aged 8-10 years. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study carried out with 739 students from public and private institutions in Brazil. Parents/caregivers answered a sociodemographic questionnaire, The Family Adaptability and Cohesion Evaluation Scale (FACES III), Sleep Disturbance Scale for Children (SDSC) and Circadian Energy Scale (CIRENS). In addition, the diagnosis of parafunctional habits in children was performed using the Nordic Orofacial Test-Screening (NOT-S). Four calibrated dentists performed the clinical examination for the diagnosis of dental caries, with the International Caries Detection and Assessment System (ICDAS), and bruxism, the Kappa intra and inter were higher than 0.81. Association analyzes were performed using robust logistic regression for complex samples (α = 5%). The Directed Acyclic Graph (DAG) was used to determine the adjustment variables in the statistical model. Results: The prevalence of probable sleep bruxism (SB) was 67 (9.1%), that of possible SB was 181 (24.5%) and that of possible bruxism while awake was 76 (10.3%) ). In the final model, the unmarried marital status of parents/caregivers (OR = 1.98; 95% CI: 1.07-3.65, p = 0.02), the presence of parafunctional habits (OR = 2.02; 95 % CI: 1.01-4.06, p = 0.04), no sport practice (OR = 1.92; 95% CI: 1.04-3.54, p = 0.03) and sleep disorders (OR = 2.17; 95% CI: 1.11 - 4.19, p = 0.03) remained associated with the probable SB in the students. Maternal education level (OR = 1.55; 95% CI: 1.09-3.00, p = 0.03), very flexible families (OR = 3.07; 95% CI: 1.34 - 7.02 , p <0.01) and cavitated tooth caries (OR = 1.83; 95% CI: 1.07 - 3.14, p = 0.02), remained associated with the possible SB. Maternal education level (OR = 2.74; 95% CI: 1.22 - 6.16, p = 0.01), family income (OR = 2.59; 95% CI: 1.10 - 6.11 , p = 0.02), very flexible families (OR = 3.23; 95% CI: 1.09 - 9.54, p = 0.03) and cavitated tooth caries (OR = 4.09; 95% CI : 1.71 - 9.78, p <0.01) influenced possible bruxism during waking (AB). Conclusion: The presence of probable sleep bruxism was influenced by the parents' marital status, sleep disturbance, parafunctional habits and physical inactivity. Family factors, cavity cavities and less maternal education influenced the possible bruxism of sleep and in waking. Family income remained associated with the possible AB, however there was no association with the possible BS.