Avaliação da toxidade de um queijo caprino de massa cozida adicionado de cultura nativa potencialmente probiótica e de extrato de sementes de girassol Helianthus annuus L. em um modelo animal experimental

Abstract

The present study aimed to evaluate the toxicity, in an animal model, of both goat cheese with coagulated sunflower seed extract (Helianthus annuus L.) and added potentially probiotic native culture Limosilactobacillus mucosae CNPC007, as well as this microorganism alone. The experimental assays were divided into two phases, acute and chronic. In the acute phase, female Wistar rats (n=15) were divided into three groups: control (GC); probiotic cheese (GQP): 1 g of cheese and 5.24 × 109 CFU of probiotic culture; probiotic (GP): 5.24 × 109 CFU of L. mucosae without food matrix. In the chronic phase, male and female Wistar rats (n=50 animals) were divided into groups: GC0, control; GT1, GT2, and GT3, receiving 0.513 g, 1.026 g, and 2.052 g of cheese with 1.36 × 109 CFU, 2.73 × 109 CFU, and 4.09 × 109 CFU of probiotic culture, respectively, per animal; GT4 with 4.09 × 109 CFU of isolated probiotic. In both assays, animals from GC and GC0 groups received only autoclaved water. Evolution of body weight gain and feed consumption, as well as behavioral patterns for the central nervous system (CNS), stimulants and depressants, and also for the autonomic nervous system (ANS), were analyzed in the acute and chronic phases, along with the absence and/or presence of deaths. At the end of the assays, hematological profile was analyzed for the acute phase, and for both, biochemical profile, liver and kidney weight, and histology. It was observed that animals, after ingesting goat cheese containing sunflower seed extract added with L. mucosae, or the isolated culture, did not show behavioral changes and/or mortality. There were no significant differences between the groups in the acute phase (p>0.05) for the parameters creatinine, TGO/AST, cholesterol, triglycerides, and for all parameters of the hematological profile. However, in the repeated-dose phase, male and female animals did not differ between groups regarding the biochemical parameters creatinine, cholesterol, and glucose (p>0.05). Signs of hepatic steatosis were found in the histology of animals from different groups, in both sexes, with a significant increase (p<0.05) in the GT3 group's triglyceride levels, associated with higher cheese consumption in male animals of this group. Therefore, the data indicate that the consumption of the product should be moderate.