Políticas públicas de transferência de renda e suporte social no Brasil e o desenvolvimento: uma análise do período de 1990 a 2023

Abstract

This dissertation aimed to analyze the evolution of public policies on income transfer and social support in Brazil, considering the period from 1990 to 2023, and their interface with development. The research adopted a theoretical perspective based on the debate about public policies, with a focus on income transfer policies. The methodology included literature review and analysis of government documents and statistics related to income transfer programs implemented in Brazil during the study period. Pioneering initiatives up to recent assistance programs were discussed, providing context regarding the social, political, and economic landscape. The study revealed significant transformations in social protection policies to encompass the vulnerable population with no contribution to the social security system. The social protection network was expanded during the FHC governments, introducing non contributory benefits, including conditional cash transfer programs and the Continuous Cash Benefit. However, it was under the Lula governments that an expansion of social rights and restructuring of income transfer policies occurred, culminating in the creation of the Bolsa Família Program (BFP). The BFP was further improved during the Dilma governments and became the country's main income transfer policy, moving towards recognition as a social right and contributing to the eradication of extreme poverty in Brazil. Nonetheless, the recent period has been marked by the deconstruction of the social apparatus built over three decades, leading to the replacement of the BFP with the Auxílio Brasil Program. Nevertheless, the BFP was reinstated in 2023, with the intention of gradually consolidating itself as the basic citizenship income provided for in the Constitution.