Construção de uma luneta astronômica: Uma proposta de ensino de lentes esféricas e astronomia no Ensino Médio

Abstract

The current proposal for Physics Teaching is based on the National Curriculum Parameters where the formation of the individual for life is desired, becoming able to understand the technological transformations that accompany a developing society. Based on this perspective, we seek to work with the content of spherical lenses by considering a subject with a wide range of applications, especially the use and development of the telescope, which has brought numerous answers about the universe and its origin. Our proposal has as its main objective, the Teaching of Spherical Lenses and Astronomy, through the construction of a refracting telescope, where we will work Astronomy as a background, in order to make the study of lenses synergetic, since the Teaching of Astronomy calls a lot. the attention of people in any age group and, furthermore, is indicated in the curriculum matrix of the NCPs. We will develop our proposal based on Levy Vygotsky's socio-cultural theory, which he considers indispensable for the interaction between individuals for the construction of knowledge. We will make interaction a prime condition for the development of our project and the construction of the telescope. We will apply a didactic sequence with five working moments counting ten additional specific classes, where we will seek to better understand the operation of a telescope, and study from light reflection to the use of spherical lenses, magnification, focal length and lens association. The proposal will be applied in the first teaching unit, where we will use the content of spherical lenses to build the scope. Our research is bibliographical, qualitative and methodological and will be applied in Santo Antônio Institut, a regular high school in the city of Campina Grande PB, where at the time, we will work with a second grade class, in a total of twenty-four students. At the end of our work, we will provide a didactic sequence for the construction of the telescope, which will be our educational product and will serve as a guide for future applications.The current proposal for Physics Teaching is based on the National Curriculum Parameters where the formation of the individual for life is desired, becoming able to understand the technological transformations that accompany a developing society. Based on this perspective, we seek to work with the content of spherical lenses by considering a subject with a wide range of applications, especially the use and development of the telescope, which has brought numerous answers about the universe and its origin. Our proposal has as its main objective, the Teaching of Spherical Lenses and Astronomy, through the construction of a refracting telescope, where we will work Astronomy as a background, in order to make the study of lenses synergetic, since the Teaching of Astronomy calls a lot. the attention of people in any age group and, furthermore, is indicated in the curriculum matrix of the NCPs. We will develop our proposal based on Levy Vygotsky's socio-cultural theory, which he considers indispensable for the interaction between individuals for the construction of knowledge. We will make interaction a prime condition for the development of our project and the construction of the telescope. We will apply a didactic sequence with five working moments counting ten additional specific classes, where we will seek to better understand the operation of a telescope, and study from light reflection to the use of spherical lenses, magnification, focal length and lens association. The proposal will be applied in the first teaching unit, where we will use the content of spherical lenses to build the scope. Our research is bibliographical, qualitative and methodological and will be applied in Santo Antônio Institut, a regular high school in the city of Campina Grande PB, where at the time, we will work with a second grade class, in a total of twenty-four students. At the end of our work, we will provide a didactic sequence for the construction of the telescope, which will be our educational product and will serve as a guide for future applications.