Tratamento biológico aeróbio de resíduos sólidos orgânicos domiciliares: análise de parâmetros físicos, químicos e sanitários

Abstract

The production of solid organic waste at home when it does not have an adequate destination represents risks to environmental and human health. Risks similar to health services. Thus, the main objective of this work was to evaluate the temporal influence of temperature on the elimination of helminth eggs in the composting process of household organic solid waste. The research was carried out in the Malvinas district, in Campina Grande, Paraíba, Brazil. The method to determine the composition of the samples was multiple quartering. The experimental system consisted of two treatment units, called the CAR Unit and the CPC Unit; both units were monitored in triplicate. Each treatment unit consisted of three reactors; each reactor received 26.6 kg of solid organic waste (80% solid organic waste and 20% structurants). The parameters analyzed were temperature, moisture content, total solids, volatile total solids, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, potassium, pH and helminth eggs. Temperature was measured daily at 9 am, at three different points in the substrate mass. Regarding helminth eggs, it was found that elimination did not depend solely on high temperature levels, but on a set of sequenced factors, such as temperature levels above 40 ºC for at least four days, low humidity (< 50 %), low percentage of organic matter STV (< 53%ST)), alkaline pH (> 8.3). There was a significant reduction in helminth eggs, starting ateggs/gST and at the end of the treatment, no helminth eggs and organic compost were found. It is noteworthy that among the helminths evaluated, the eggs of Ascaris lumbricoides were the most resistant. According to the physical, chemical and sanitary parameters, the organic compounds resulting from the evaluated treatment units met the requirements established by Normative Instruction No. 25, of July 23, 2009.Therefore, the studied treatment units were efficient in the sanitization of organic solid waste, contributing to the nutrient cycling process, and transforming an environmental problem into a sustainable solution in the environmental, social and economic aspects.