Contribuição da atividade física para realização de mamografia e exame clínico de mama em uma população feminina da Paraíba

Abstract

Introduction:Breast cancer (CM) is the most common and second leading cause of female deaths in the world. By 2022, 66,280 new cases are expected in Brazil annually. By 2020, 13,190 and 1,120 new cases are expected in the Northeast and Paraíba, respectively. High incidence and mortality due to CM, provide debates on early screening and detection in asymptomatic women, and early diagnosis for those with signs and symptoms. Objective: To reveal associations between socioeconomic variables and the performance of the clinical examination of the breast (ECM) and Mammography. Method: Cross-sectional research with 307 women without history and/or diagnosis of CM at the Francisco Pinto Health Center - Campina Grande-PB. Nominal logistic regression was applied to determine chance ratio (CR) and confidence intervals (CI) of single models, and independent variables, respectively. Results: The mean age was 49.79 years (SD= 8.63), with 172 (56.0%) between 40 and 49 years. The chance of women with low educational level to perform ECM regularly, once/year or every two years, was approximately 2.8x (95% CI: 0.17- 0.76; p= 0.022) lower than those with high level. Low-income women had 4x (95%CI: 0.09- 0.65; p= 0.000) less chance of doing so, compared to high-income and unemployed women 2x (95%CI: 0.31- 0.82; p= 0.005) less, compared to those in employment. Regular exercise practitioners had 2.4x (95%CI: 1.48- 3.92; p= 0.000) a higher chance to perform ECM than non-practitioners. Women with low knowledge about risk factors and symptoms (CM) had 1.3x (95%CI: 0.66 - 2.79; p= 0.339) less chance to perform ECM than women with high knowledge. With the regression model, the chance to perform ECM was 3.3x (95%CI: 0.11 - 0.84; p= 0.005) lower for low-income women; 1.8x (95%CI: 0.32 - 0.95; p= 0.014) lower among unemployed and 1.9x (95%CI: 1.13 - 3.24; p= 0.006) higher for exercise practitioners. Women with a family history of cancer had 1.6x (95%CI: 0.98 - 2.76; p= 0.047) more chance of ECM than those without a family case. Regarding MS, 138 (45.0%) and 70 (22.8%) women performed every year and every two years, respectively. Television (300 or 97.7%) and the Rose October campaign (296 or 96.4%) were the most important sources on CM and prevention. In logistic regression models, women (40-49 years and ≥50) who practiced physical activity, had 2.4x (95%CI: 1.13-5.04) and 10.6x (95%CI: 2.66-41.95) greater chance of performing MS each year (p= 0.040; p= 0.000). Women (40-49 years old) had 10.3x (OR= 0.097; 95%CI: 0.02- 0.53), and 13.2x (OR= 0.076; 95%CI: 0.11- 0.53) less chance to perform MS every two years, respectively (p= 0.007). The frequency of MS in women (≥50 years) with basic education was 13.3x (OR= 0.075; 95%CI: 0.09- 0.66) lower in relation to those with high schooling (p= 0.010). Conclusions: Physical activity is indicative in the search for MS and ECM. High income increases the chance of women (40-49 years old) to perform MS. In contrast, the high educational level was only positively associated with MS performance in women aged ≥50 years.