Caracterização da droga vegetal de Schinopsis brasiliensis e prospecção da atividade anti-inflamatória do infuso

Abstract

Medicinal plants make up an affordable alternative to health care, especially for low-income communities, and are a source of valuable raw materials for industries. Teas are a resource used in the treatment of various pathologies, because they are easy to access and inexpensive. Schinopsis brasiliensis, Braunna, is widely used by the population as teas and syrups for the treatment of various diseases, including inflammatory diseases. The objective of this study was to characterize the vegetal drug obtained from the bark of S. brasiliensis (DVSb) and to investigate the anti-inflammatory activity of the tea. For the characterization, optical microscopy (OM), density determination (d), total ash content (TLC), acid resistant ash (CRA), desiccation loss (PD), pH, thermal techniques (thermogravimetry ) and differential thermal analysis (DTA), determination of the chemical marker using high performance chromatography (HPLC) and the phytochemical analysis of DVSb. In order to prospect the biological activity of S. brasiliensis bark tea (CCSb) the antioxidant activity was performed using the DPPH assay and the anti-inflammatory activity using the animal models of paw edema and zitsan-induced peritonitis carrageenan-induced air pocket; to determine the safety of tea, erythrocyte cytotoxicity and acute toxicity in mice were evaluated. MO showed that openings of 180, 150 and 75 μm allowed the passage of particles of 308.8; 289.2; 251.85 μm, respectively, much larger than their pores. The density ranged from 0.278 to 0.333 g / mL. The TCT and CRA were from 8.33 to 9.45% and 0.41 and 0.86%, respectively, indicating according to the 2010 Brazilian Pharmacopoeia, low contamination by non-volatile inorganic materials. PD ranged from 9.10 to 9.95%, demonstrating that the vegetable drug is in a good state of drying. From the smallest particle (SB06), 117 mg / g of polyphenols, 1.837-4mg / g of flavonoids and 10mg / g of tannins were extracted. The pH varied from 4.94 to 5.28 corroborating with the presence of these acid metabolites. In TG, two initial events were observed, suggestive of water loss. In DTA, two endothermic events were observed; these events are also suggestive of dehydration, corroborating with what was observed in TG. In CLAE it was possible to determine as gallic acid the gallic acid, with retention time around 8.5 minutes. CCSb showed considerable antioxidant activity. In the paw edema test, CCSb demonstrated significant anti-oedematogenic power from the first hour, with a reduction in edema formation at 68.15%, 86.66% and 75.51% at doses of 5, 10 and 20%, respectively, and maintained significant efficacy up to the eighth hour observed. In the peritonitis test, the CCSb only at the concentration of 20% was able to reduce (47.60%) the leukocyte migration to the peritoneal cavity. In the air pocket model, CCSb did not present significant results in the reduction of inflammation, even in the highest concentration tested (20%). Cytotoxicity in erythrocytes and acute toxicity in mice, showed that tea has low toxicity. Thus, it was possible to perform the characterization of DVSb and to prove that CCSb presents promising anti inflammatory activity, corroborating with its popular use.