Judaísmo e proscrição na poética de Alejandra Pizarnik

Abstract

Alejandra Pizarnik (Buenos Aires, 1936-1972), Argentine poet, translator and literary critic, daughter of Jewish immigrants of European origin, builds a poetic universe marked by the experience of proscription that, in different forms, is also reinforced by an awareness of the Jewish condition itself. This existential condition comprises the helplessness of subjects who, because they do not belong in their entirety to any tradition, remain wandering condition between languages and cultures. I propose an interlocution between Pizarnikian poetry and Judaism in view of the existential and aesthetic dilemmas raised by this multicultural context in which the poet and her work are born. Moreover, as all criticism is a review of other criticisms, the issue of Judaism in her poetry arises from the need to fill a gap in Pizarnikian studies that, due to the formalist approach of literary work, prioritized texts, themes and approaches without including the centrality of Judaism in his work. In order to highlight the hidden presence of Judaism in Pizarnikian portica, I discuss the ethical dimensions of the poet's aesthetic choices, putting into dialogue the fictional and witness texts by taking the diaries, correspondences and reports of the writer as important references of reading and comprehension for the poems. Regarding a perspective of literary language as a semiotic production open to social, philosophical and religious, I approach the thought of Gilles Deleuze and Félix Guattari (2008, 2009, 2010, 2014) on identity as multiplicity and minor literature, as well as the thought of Jacques Derrida (2001, 2002, 2013, 2017) on poetry, animality and as a trail. Finally, I think of a closer dialogue between The Porizarnikian poems and the Jewish tradition. For this, I take as aesthetic and theoretical reference the Tanach and the studies of authors such as Haroldo de Campos (1991, 2000, 2004), Robert Alter (1992, 2007), among others, who investigate the literary aspects of sacred texts. With regard to elements of the mystical tradition, Jewish religious and philosophical, authors such as Gershom Scholem (1972, 1994), Julius Guttmann (2003) and Richard Elliott Friedman (1997), when addressing concepts of sacredness and language in cabalism, hassidism and apophatic, put into perspective a Judaism that, although almost unknown by western philosophical and critical tradition, left the marks of its negative metaphysics in the aesthetic horizon of modernity. The dialogue now established between poetry and Judaism comprises, then, a multidimensional view of Pizarnikian literary production, encompassing11 relations between literature and myth, writing and orality, life and work, ethics and aesthetics, poetic and sacred.