A poluição em mananciais pode desencadear efeitos tóxicos em peixes? Um estudo de caso para o gênero tilapia no Rio Maxaranguape, Pureza/RN – 2016

Abstract

The water is one of the most important resources for maintaining life on planet earth, and only a small part of the whole that is available is capable of favoring human life: is called fresh water. It is found in rivers, glaciers, lakes and subterranean vegetation with low salinity, and in these days he has been suffering it is suffering from anthropic actions related to urbanization, industrialization, bathing, fish farming, agronomy and agriculture. These actions cause contamination of these waters and degradation of the natural environment, putting at risk the maintenance of life. This research was carried out in the Municipality of Pureza, located 59 km from the capital of Rio Grande do Norte, Where is the source of the Maxaranguape River, considered one of the most important of the State, that was object of observation of this study during the year 2016. Its nascent and its margins are used as seaside resort and it has been showing signs of degradation from these actions. This environmental scenario motivated the accomplishment of this study, whose objective was to investigate the occurrence of possible genotoxic effects of the water pollution of the Maxaranguape River in fish of the genus Tilapia from an environmental perspective. For that was used as method observatory records with annotations and photos; listening to the surrounding residents and utilities of the river were performed, as well as microbiological, physical-chemical and Micronucleus (MN) tests from blood red blood cells of Tilapia fish. The results showed that the river is in the process of degradation and may still be a source of public health problems. It presents sandbanks and changes in its course, microbiological and physico-chemical changes in its waters and the extinction of species such as Tilapia, which made genotoxic study impossible. The river is being disrespected by city dwellers and public authorities, being used in many wrong ways, dying for lack of inspection, maintenance and preservation. It is an urgent need for control over the city's administrators, a serious job of cleaning, maintenance, inspection and conservation. As it is also necessary an educational intervention work with the environment residents and visitors who use the River and its source as recreational points.