Práticas escolares de leitura e os descritores da prova Brasil: relação entre as ações da sala de aula e a concepção de leitura do Saeb

Abstract

This research aims to analyze, in classes of 9th year of Elementary School from two public schools of the city Orobó/PE, how and how often the strategies are enabled during the reading practices by the student. Based on these considerations, working with reading in the classroom has been a topic thoroughly discussed by researchers in recent decades. These studies emphasize that the teaching of reading, particularly, must adopt a prominent position in native language classes, making the student/reader subject of the process. According to Freire (2011), it is essential to deal with the issue of reading because it must involve a critical concept that goes beyond word decoding or language. Thus, the reading process should be conceived as a social and metacognitive activity in essence, an integral part of a practice of language use in socio-historical and cultural events. In this sense, the teaching of reading needs to make the student capable of appropriating the deep significance of the texts which they are encountered, in order to rebuild them or reinvent them. Therefore, this research is based according to scholars as Antunes (2003, 2005, 2009, 2010), Colomer and Camps (2002), Dell’Isola (2001), Foucambert (2008), Freire (2011), Kleiman (2013a, 2013b), Koch (2009, 2013), Koch and Elias (2013), Leffa (1996), Liberato and Fulgencio (2012), Marcuschi (2002, 2008), Rojo (2009, 2012), Soares (2012, 2014) and Solé (1998), among others, whose conception of reading is related to the teaching of language in a linguistic-communicative perspective. This research is related to both the positivist paradigm and the interpretativist one, methodology proposed by Bortoni-Ricardo (2008), comprising the following stages: firstly, it was applied a questionnaire about reading strategies used by students as reading habits and practices; next, the results were compared to percentages of settlings from Test 1, whose questions were elaborated based on Prova Brasil descriptors. After this analysis, an observation about the reading classes of the collaborator teachers happened. Beyond those observations, it was suggested a Didactic Sequence by the researcher teacher in order to involve textual genres which were selected previously. Finally, it was established an analysis about the percentages of settlings from Test 2. It must be observed that the intention of comparing the practice of the classroom and the Prova Brasil descriptors is due to the fact that the reading concept proposed by that test can give a new meaning to students’ learning in several educational institutions. We achieved a significant result from students who participated in the intervention, proving that it is possible to promote the reading teaching from the strategies in order to become the apprentices into proficient users of the idiom in its social context.