A expansão de comunidades terapêuticas e o atendimento de adolescentes: retrocessos e desafios na realidade brasileira

Abstract

This dissertation presents the results of a research that had the general objective of analyzing the emergence and expansion of Therapeutic Communities (TCs) in Brazil and the care of adolescents in these spaces. The study was developed through bibliographic and documentary research. The bibliographical research was consolidated from the literature review of our study categories: totality; field of mental health, alcohol and drugs; therapeutic communities; and rights of children and adolescents. Documentary research involved the collection and analysis of documents such as legislation, regulations, technical notes, plans, reports and institutional publications. The research reveals that the emergence and expansion of TCs are intertwined with the social totality, relating to the precariousness of public services in the field of mental health, alcohol and drugs, which, in turn, reflects the limits of the Brazilian public fund, in the face of the capital cycle of a dependent and peripheral economy, the hegemony of neoliberalism and the resurgence of conservatism, which has had repercussions on the defunding of social policies and, therefore, the SUS. In relation to the care of adolescents in these spaces, the study identifies the longevity of this practice, the opposition and resistance of bodies such as CONANDA and institutions that defend the anti-asylum struggle and human rights.Furthermore, the State's support for this phenomenon through Resolution No. 03/2020, which gave legitimacy to these practices, the contrary demonstrations that emerged on the national scene, as well as the judicial fight against the regulation of this phenomenon and the recent movements about the same, which demonstrates the current nature of the disputes surrounding the topic. The analysis reveals that this phenomenon is incompatible with the precepts of the Comprehensive Protection Doctrine, which governs Brazilian jurisdiction over the rights of children and adolescents, and expresses setbacks in the field. Finally, the study contributes to Social Work, by promoting a critical reflection on this topic, central to social workers, health professionals committed to the defense of human rights, and by demonstrating care for adolescents in CTs, denaturalizing the precariousness of care for adolescents who use psychoactive substances.