Diagnóstico dos principais indicadores socioambientais do sisal no recorte geográfico de Pocinhos/PB

Abstract

Sisal is a crop of great economic and social importance for the semiarid region of Paraíba. However, studies have shown a decline in production and/or planting due to the option for other more competitive fibers, especially synthetic ones, although it is a crop that contributes to local development, reduces environmental impact and supports sustainability. In this context, we tried to diagnose the main socio-environmental indicators of sisal cultivation in the territorial area of Pocinhos/PB, in addition to comparing them with those of other producing locations, these determinations being the main objectives. The methodological procedures consisted of the use of data published in reports, in journals, on the portal IBGE Cidades and Pesquisa da Produção Agrícola Municipal, IPEADATA, CONAB and other bodies. For the data collected in the field, 30 agricultural enterprises located in the municipality of Pocinhos/PB were chosen, being twenty-four members of the Cooperativa Agropecuária Mista de Pocinhos Ltda (CAMPOL) and six non-members, in addition to the manager of the cooperative. For this group, semi-structured questionnaires with fifty questions related to social, economic and environmental items were applied, adopting the snowball technique. The two sets of data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and calculations, drawing up graphs and tables using an Excel spreadsheet. Georeferencing was done using Google Earth Pro software and maps were made using QGIS. The main results show that the sisal production system needs technological innovation, new desfiberment techniques and greater use of the waste. Almost all social actors do not even have primary education, the family nucleus has about three people, the age group is fifty years old or more. The age profile is one of aging and there is no interest in continuing the culture by the younger people. The agricultural enterprises are on small property and the working conditions in the countryside are rudimentary, with informality predominating, although there is no record of accidents with the machine from Paraíba in recent years. It is concluded that there is a need for studies on new technologies for the production of sisal cultivation, use and reuse of waste, in addition to greater organization of the cooperative system.