Detecção de fraturas radiculares em imagens de tomografia computadorizada de feixe cônico utilizando diferentes parâmetros de exposição e materiais intracanais

Abstract

The aim of this study was evaluated the detection of radicular fractures (FRs) in Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) by different exposure parameters and investigate the influence of gutta percha, metal post and fiberglass post in FRs detection and CBCT artifacts formation. One hundred and sixty teeth were selected and divided into four groups according to the filling material: without gutta percha, metal post and fiberglass post. Each group contained experimental teeth that were fractures were induced artificially, and teeth without fracture (controls). All teeth were coated with wax and after they were positioned in the alveolus of a right superior central incisive of a dry human dentate maxilla. The tomographic images were acquired using Kodak 9000 3D machine (Kodak Dental Systems, a Carestream Health, Rochester, NY, EUA) according to the exposure protocols: 1 - 74 kV, 12 mA; 2- 74 kV, 10mA; 3- 74 kV, 8 mA; 4 - 74 kV , 6,3mA; 5 - 70kv,12 mA; 6 - 70kV, 10 mA; 7 - 70 kV , 8 mA; 8- 70 kV, 6,3 mA. Two radiologists analyzed the tomographic images and scored them for fracture detection and artefact interferences. The kappa test intra and inter was calculated for fracture diagnosis (0.87-0.90 and 0.88) and for analysis of the formation of artifacts (0.96-0.98 and 0.95). Statistical analyzes were performed using ANOVA to calculate the sensitivity, specificity and diagnostic accuracy of the test; Chi-square test to compare the expected frequencies of the observed frequencies between CBCT with the gold standard, and logistic regression to observe the influence of intracanal materials in the diagnosis of fracture. Specificity values were higher than the sensitivity for each intracanal material. The sets of exposure parameters showed no significant differences in the detection of fractures. However, there were differences between the materials used intracanal showing the teeth without filler material and glass fiber core exhibited better results compared to teeth with gutta-percha and the metal core. Therefore, it is concluded that viewing of the FRs showed better results when the root canal was empty or filled with fiberglass pin. However, gutta-percha and the molten metal pin were associated with higher artifact formation, which committed an accurate diagnosis.