Fatores relacionados ao estilo de vida e componentes dietéticos que afetam o risco de câncer de próstata em um grupo de estudo brasileiro

Abstract

The incidence of prostate cancer (PC) is increasing among Brazilian men and there have been few studies on PC risk factors to date, with no studies on dietary components that modify the risk of the disease. A case-control study was carried out based on data from 125 patients with PC, treated at the Paraíba Assistance Foundation Hospital (FAP). The FAP hospital, located in the city of Campina Grande, is a reference center for cancer treatment in Paraíba. The data was obtained from medical records and interviews and compared with 250 controls matched by age. The Statistical Package for the Social Sciences® (SPSS; IBM version 29.0) software was used for statistical validation. Binary logistic regression analysis was applied to obtain odds ratios and confidence intervals (95%CI) for the variables. In the regression analysis model, hypertension, family history and lifetime smoking increased the risk of CP 2.940 (95%CI: 1.81- 4.78), 2.268 (95%CI: 1.31- 3.92) and 2.715 (95%CI: 1.67- 4.41) times (p< 0.001; p= 0.003; p<0.001). Consumption of red and processed meat increased the risk of CP by 0.6% (OR= 1.006; 95%CI: 1.00- 1.01; p= 0.048) and 7.2% (OR= 1.072; 95%CI: 1.02- 1.13; p= 0.012) for each gram of intake per day. Consumption of cruciferous vegetables reduced the risk of CHD by 22.0% for each gram eaten per day (OR= 0.978; 95%CI: 0.96-1.00; p= 0.052). The results indicated that hypertension, family history and lifetime smoking increased the risk of PC. In addition, consumption of red meat and processed meat increased the risk, while consumption of cruciferous vegetables decreased the risk. This is the first Brazilian study indicating that dietary factors modify the risk of PC in Brazilian men. It is essential to develop public health policies that target these risk and protective factors in their campaigns to prevent PC.