Práticas integrativas nas residências em medicina de família e comunidade e multiprofissional na Paraíba, Brasil

Abstract

In Brazil, Integrative and Complementary Health Practices (PICS) were included in the Unified Health System (SUS) with the National Policy on Integrative and Complementary Practices (PNPIC), approved in 2006, the operationalization of PICS has been challenging. The training process at undergraduate, medical residency or multidisciplinary level can contribute to the implementation of PICS in healthcare settings. In this work, the objective was to investigate experiences with PICS among students and preceptors of Residency programs in Family and Community Medicine (RMFC) and Multiprofessional Residency in Family Health (RMSF) in the state of Paraíba, understanding how the training process contributes for the development of skills and use of PICS in health services. This is a cross-sectional study with a quantitative approach. In total, 364 residents and preceptors linked to the 10 RMFC programs and the RMSF of the State of Paraíba. Of this total, 300 residents and preceptors responded to the questionnaire, 211 of whom were doctors and 89 were multidisciplinary. Data were collected by electronic questionnaire during the period from July to December 2023, with descriptive and inferential analysis carried out using the statistical software R. The grouping variables were “uses PICS in personal or professional life”, “type of residence” (RMFC or RMSF) or “residency position” (resident or preceptor); the Chi-square test or Fisher's exact test was used to verify whether there was an association between the predictor variables and the grouping variable. A significance level of 5% (p< 0.05) was considered a statistically significant difference. Of the 300 respondents, the majority were women (70.1%) without a partner (53.7%) and did not have children (76.2%). In total, 190 (63%) had heard of PICS, and a third used some PICS in their personal or professional life. The use of PICS in personal or professional life was associated with having completed an undergraduate degree at a public institution, having several experiences with the subject during graduation, being a preceptor with more experience in Primary Health Care (PHC) and working in the metropolitan region of João Pessoa, where there are specialized PICS training centers. During residency at RMFC and RMSF, academic activities contribute to the professional having more knowledge about PICS; however, this training does not qualify them to offer PICS in PHC. The technical product produced consisted of a conclusive technical report, in the format of a portfolio for dissemination, with a synthesis of the findings of the research group's work, suggestions and recommendations for study participants, aiming for improvements in the training process implemented in the residences. This Master's Completion Work is the result of the stricto sensu Professional Master's in Family Health Postgraduate Program (PROFSAÚDE).