Comunicação entre profissional de saúde e pessoa com surdez durante a assistência pelo serviço de atendimento móvel de urgência

Abstract

Urgent and Emergency Care has historically been shown to be an essential service, in terms of care and attention to patients who require care in a serious condition, often at imminent risk of death. Therefore, the basis for successful care and humanized care will be professional/patient communication, the ability to adapt to the patient's own needs and the way they are. Effective communication with patients is essential in the healthcare sector, considering that communication is an important tool for diagnosis and the professional-patient relationship. Given this, research is justified as a public policy, to improve the quality of services, aiming to achieve equity in care, inclusion of people with deafness, making more qualified professionals to meet the needs of this population. Objective: To understand how deaf patients are cared for by professionals from the Mobile Emergency Care Service (SAMU). Methodological approach: This is an exploratory and descriptive study, with a qualitative, carried out in the municipality of Campina Grande-PB, during the period from October to November 2022. The study population were all medical professionals and nurses working in the Emergency Medical Care Service in that municipality. The number of participants was determined based on the saturation criterion of the information collected, so that in the end the sample consisted of 16 participants. To collect data, a semi-structured questionnaire was used. The first stage occurred through a structured questionnaire whose data were subjected to descriptive statistics in order to characterize the sample. In the second stage, the subjects were interviewed, their speeches were recorded, transcribed and subjected to content analysis using the Bardin method and the IRAMUTEQ software version 0.7 based on the Descending Hierarchical Classification analysis. The graphic relationship that was processed in the IRAMUTEQ software presented a lexical approximation between classes 1, 4 and 5 being analyzed individually and the others forming another distinct group, being groups of classes 3 and 2. Results: The groups of classes were formed due to to the approximation of the nucleus of ideas that they demonstrated. Thus, the presentation of the discussion of thematic categories followed the following order: class group 1: “Conceptions about sign language; class group 2 and 3: “Sensations and difficulties”; class group 4: “Importance of sign language in the academic and professional area”; and class group 5: “Communication strategies”. Participants reported concerns and difficulties about providing care for the hearing-impaired and deaf in their work environments, as it is an emergency service and the response time for care is essential for the patients' lives. Everyone was aware of the existence of deaf culture and community. Still, most didn't know the basics of libras. Although few participants reported having taken sign language classes as an undergraduate, some reported that the subject should be offered as mandatory for undergraduate courses. All interviewees expressed interest in taking training classes in sign language. Conclusion: SAMU has proven to be an essential health service for assisting people with hearing impairment and deafness, but training is necessary to provide care and promote equity, modifying factors associated with the knowledge, attitudes and skills of health professionals related to the care of this social segment.