Prevalência e fatores de riscos associados à síndrome metabólica entre os custodiados no sistema prisional na Paraíba

Abstract

Introduction: Metabolic syndrome (MS) is a complex disorder that increases the risk of death from heart disease, diabetes, and stroke, generally related to the action of several risk factors such as poor eating habits, obesity, and sedentary lifestyle. Its prevalence is due to several reasons why it is underreported in the prison environment, because there is no screening and monitoring. Objective: to estimate the prevalence of MS and associated risk factors among Persons Deprived of Liberty (PDL) in penitentiaries in the state of Paraíba. Methodology: The study in question is cross-sectional, quantitative, and descriptive, carried out between June and December 2023. The sample consisted of 171 PDL aged between 19 and 73 years from eleven prison units, covering the four mesoregions of Paraíba. The sample calculation was performed by prison unit, among those convicted in closed regime, to ensure representativeness of the population. The association was performed using Fisher's and Chi-square tests. To identify MS, blood was collected for biochemical tests and subsequently interpreted according to the criteria defined by the National Cholesterol Education Program-Adult Treatment Panel III. Anthropometric, hemodynamic and sociobehavioral information were collected for risk factors. To this end, the study adopted the ethical recommendations of resolution 446/12. Result: among the 171 participants analyzed, the prevalence of MS was 40%, being higher among females (87.5%), illiterate (53.8%) and blacks (53.3%). Regarding the criteria for identifying MS, changes in triglyceride levels (55.6%), HDL (43.9%) and abdominal circumference (35.1%) stand out. Regarding BMI, 66.1% are outside the weight considered ideal, according to the recommendations of the Brazilian Association for the Study of Obesity and Metabolic Syndrome (ABESO). Regarding lifestyle habits, MS was more prevalent among those who did not engage in physical activity (68%) and smokers (60.9%). Conclusion: The data obtained in this study allowed us to conclude that the prevalence of MS was considered high and factors such as age over 60 years, female gender, low education, lack of physical activity and smoking were significantly associated with Metabolic Syndrome. Keywords: Prisoners, Metabolic Syndrome, Public Health.