Desenvolvimento de micropartícula contendo extrato de Spondias mombin L. (Anacardiaceae) e avaliação de atividade gastroprotetora

Abstract

Gastric ulcers are considered the most predominant gastrointestinal disease, occurring in around 10% of the world's population. The commonly used treatment has presented many adverse effects. These factors have been stimulating research into medicinal plants as an alternative to new effective medicines with fewer adverse effects. Considering the range of bioactive substances found in plants, Spondias Mombin L., a species native to Brazil, found mainly in the North and Northeast regions, has already elucidated pharmacological activities such as antiinflammatory, analgesic, antioxidant and antiulcerogenic. To guarantee the effects of bioactive substances from medicinal plants, microparticles are used to encapsulate bioactive compounds, maintaining their pharmacological activity and improving their absorption in the body. Therefore, the objective of this work was to characterize the plant drug obtained from Spondias mombin leaves and evaluate the gastroprotective activity of the extract incorporated in microparticle form, as well as its toxicological potential in repeated doses. The characterization of the plant material was carried out in accordance with the Brazilian Pharmacopoeia (2010). From the characterization, the hydroalcoholic extract was obtained, then the extract was encapsulated in the form of microparticles using chitosan as a carrier biopolymer. The gastroprotective activity of the extract and microparticle was evaluated using the ethanolinduced ulcer model. In the toxicity study in repeated doses for 28 days, the animals received the extract daily at doses of 250mg.kg-1 and 500 mg.kg-1. From the tests carried out, the parameters of apparent and compacted density, swelling, pH, desiccation, ash content and acidinsoluble ash evaluated in the quality control of the plant drug Spondias mombin are in accordance with the limits established by the Pharmacopoeia Brazilian with this, the plant drug in the present study presents feasibility for extract production and subsequent development of the pharmaceutical formulation. The extract showed a yield of 27.10%. The microparticle obtained showed a yield of 54.11%. Using the ethanol-induced ulcer model, it was verified that in relation to the negative control, the extract at a dose of 500 mg.kg-1 and the microparticle also at the same dose, presented ulcer inhibition activity of 65.52% and 51 .73%, respectively. In relation to the study of toxicity in repeated doses for 28 days, there were no significant changes in the weight of the animals, as well as the animals did not have significant changes in weight, the organs did not present macroscopic changes or in their weight, nor were any biochemical and hematological. In this way, the safety of using the extract in repeated doses was proven, as well as its gastroprotective activity, while also maintaining its pharmacological potential in the form of microparticles, which presented a controlled release profile for delivery of the extract.