A dialética do divino e demoníaco no Fausto de Goethe

Abstract

This work is bibliographical and hermeneutical in nature and presents textual elements of the tragic poem Faust, by Johann Wolfgang Goethe, which configure the dialectical movement between demonic and divine, and the way in which the human condition is shown from the clash of such forces. We argue that such a dialectical movement places the character Faust, by Goethe, as a synthesis of the modern spirit, as understood by its author. Faust's concerns and anxieties represent the posture of modern man who throws himself into contemporaneity, full of concerns and with few solid metaphysical foundations. Faust also expresses the man who seeks to find the solution to his dilemmas in the field of immanence, without resorting to the forces of transcendence. Faust, by Goethe, has always been seen as a work divided into two parts with distinct characteristics that barely communicate with each other, as suggested by Bandet (1989) Carpeux (2013) and Antônio Feliciano de Castilho (s.d.), translator of Faust. However, in this work we propose to make a dialectical reading of Goethe's Faust, understanding that the elements contained in the first and second parts converge to an integrative synthesis, typical of the Goethean project of creating a complete work of art, which would be representative of its concept of universal literature. As theoretical subsidies to carry out this work, we will resort to the texts of the commentator Marcus Vinicius Mazzari, and of the critics Haroldo de Campos (1981) and Rintelen (1949).