(Re)pensando as políticas habitacionais: análise das políticas habitacionais nas cidades médias no Nordeste Brasileiro.

Abstract

The continuous modification of cities is a notorious process in a way that we observe significant implications in the spatial redistribution of the population and the conditions of urbanization. Different forms of human settlements, economic, social and demographic dynamics gained importance, mainly from the 1970s onwards, with the expressive urbanization of cities, as well as new regional spaces and other types of population mobility. This process had clear consequences on the spatial patterns of the population inside and outside large urban centers, characterizing, among other processes, a population spread in these spaces. In Brazil, one of the solutions to mitigate this dysfunction are housing policies, created by the federal government in order to expand the supply of housing aimed at low-income populations. Thus, there was an increase in the participation of the State in the production of popular housing that has been developing in recent years through a variety of policies, plans, programs and governmental institutions and also the application of a large volume of resources destined to the construction and financing of villas. This research is interested in answering how the housing policy entitled Minha Casa Minha Vida Program was developed and its implementation in some medium-sized cities in northeastern Brazil in its implementation period (2009 to 2020), observing the weaknesses and gains arising from this period. The methodology consists of an exploratory quantitative and qualitative analysis of public housing policies in the Northeast region. Through the established time frame, compare some cities classified as medium and their housing production in this period. The work is divided into three moments. In the first, seeking to understand the history of social housing in Brazil and how housing policies were implemented, a chronological overview of the main initiatives around the theme was also made. Then, we sought to understand historically how the urbanization of medium-sized cities in Brazil took place and its impact on the centralities of the country as a whole. At the same time, understanding the context of the country's recent historical and political insertion, the main initiatives for housing production in the country were selected, the Minha Casa Minha Vida Program (PMCMV). At this stage, it was explored how the program was developed, how it was articulated and its reach. Once the housing policy and its insertion in the medium-sized cities of the Northeast were understood, a selection of some cities was made and some parameters, variables and indicators were systematized that would allow the analysis of these policies in these cities. An overview of the housing complexes in the studied cities was analyzed,in order to carry out a more in-depth study of this production. The indicators presented here make it possible to construct diagnoses and analyzes of medium-sized cities that are similar in terms of social housing, thus allowing a collection of data and analyzes for higher studies.