Desenvolvimento de um dessalinizador solar portátil tipo ondular com refletores de radiação integrados para portabilização de água salobra

Abstract

A portable solar desalter with integrated radiation reflectors was developed in order to analyze the thermal efficiency in production in drinking water for human consumption in regions of difficult access, as well as to study the heat transfer phenomena that govern the desalination process. the desalter was fed with brackish water collected from artesian wells in the district of Riacho Fundo de Barra de São Miguel - PB. Physical-chemical analyses of the water before and after the desalination process were performed. in addition, water temperatures, absorption plate temperatures, glass temperatures and insulation temperatures were monitored, as well as data on solar radiation, wind speed, ambient temperature and distillate production. The maximum water temperature reached was 72°c, with a maximum solar radiation index of 1145 w m-2 , with a desalinated water production of 3100 ml m-2 day-1 . The thermal analysis performed on the desalter components showed that the theoretical models presented in the study adjusted to the experimental data. In addition, it was found that the thermal efficiency of the desalter followed the solar radiation flow and that it has a direct relation with productivity. The results obtained from the physical-chemical analysis of brackish and desalinated waters showed reductions in the chloride content of 98.57%, sodium of 100% and total dissolved solids of 98.78% after the desalination process, reaching values in accordance with the standards of potability required by the ministry of health ordinance in force in the country. It is concluded that the developed solar desalter is a good alternative for the production of desalinated water for isolated communities, where the demand for water is not high, and where there is a high incidence of solar radiation.