Avaliação das condições de saúde bucal da população de remanescentes quilombolas de Alagoa Grande, Paraíba

Abstract

Epidemiological surveys are extremely important for the knowledge of the prevalence of diseases that affect the oral cavity. They reveal the epidemiological reality and, mainly, the health status of the studied population. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of dental caries, dental trauma, malocclusions and the need and use of dental prostheses in quilombola individuals from Caiana dos Crioulos, located in the municipality of Alagoa Grande, Paraíba. A cross-sectional study was carried out, with a simple random probabilistic sample, composed of 308 individuals, aged between 12 and 65 years, registered in the E-SUS. The socioeconomic information was obtained through a questionnaire, while the clinical data through the oral exam. Intraoral examinations were performed by a calibrated researcher (Kappa inter = 0.884 and intra = 0.980 - 1.00), with information about the presence of dental caries, dental trauma, the prevalence and severity of the malocclusion, as well as the need and use of dental prostheses. Possible associations between categorical variables were identified using Pearson's Chi-square or Fisher's Exact tests, with respective 95% confidence intervals and the significance level adopted at p <0.05. The results revealed that only three individuals had no caries experience (1.4%), with an average CPO-D index of 13.58 (SD = 9.07). Regarding the need for some treatment, the percentage of individuals was 78.6%, with greater need for restorations of two or more surfaces (55.2%). Edentulism was present in 74.1% of the population, with almost all posterior tooth loss (98.8%). Prosthesis use was identified in 25.5% of individuals in the upper arch and in 10.9% in the lower arch, while the need for prosthesis was 60.9% in the upper arch and 73.6% in the lower arch. In the Poisson regression analysis, possible associations between sociodemographic, caries and need for treatment variables that negatively influence oral health were investigated. The variables that showed the greatest significance (p-value <0.05), were age group, individual's education, toothache, tooth loss, filled teeth, need for treatment, need for restoration of two or more surfaces, need for treatment pulp, need for extraction, need for upper prosthesis and need for lower prosthesis. The data suggest that the population presents a deficient condition of oral health, being mostly composed of edentulous, with a high index of need for treatment, mainly rehabilitators. The remaining quilombolas have a good quality of life and a high self-perception of oral health.