Aspectos psicológicos de pacientes com disfunção temporomandibular e dor orofacial

Abstract

Painful symptoms can be influenced by physical, psychological and social factors, therefore, the importance of bio-behavioral and psychosocial assessment in the TMD diagnosis process is emphasized. In this context, the objective was to evaluate various psychological aspects in patients diagnosed with TMD, compared with individuals without TMD. A cross-sectional study was carried out, characterized as observational, based on the diagnosis of TMD and psychological aspects. The study followed the norms of the Declaration of Helsinki and was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Alcides Carneiro University Hospital of the Federal University of Campina Grande (UFCG), under the following CAAE: 05722818.9.0000.5182. he sample consisted of convenience, with 160 participants according to the presence and absence of TMD: TMD Group (n = 80) and Control Group (n = 80) without TMD. The initial procedure consisted of the clinical diagnosis of TMD through the analysis of axes I and RDC / TMD axis II questionnaires, Fonseca Anamnesic Questionnaire and pain design, after which individuals answered the questionnaires related to the psychological aspects that are : Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), General Anxiety Disorder (GAD-7), Pain Catastrophizing Scale (PCS), Pain Awareness and Surveillance Questionnaire (PVAQ). For comparison, crossings were performed between the groups (TMD vs Control) and then with the subdivision of the control group (No Pain vs. Pain TMD vs Body Pain). The data, mostly categorical, were analyzed for the difference of proportions using Pearson's chi-square test or Fisher's exact test when appropriate. Age, the only quantitative variable, was not normal, and nonparametric tests such as Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis were used. The significance level was set at p <0.05. All analyzes were conducted using IBM SPSS Statistics version 20.0 softwares and considering a confidence interval of 95.0%. After data analysis, it was concluded that there was a statistically significant association for TMD in the group of individuals diagnosed with TMD, anxiety (p <0.001), depression (p = 0.003), high catastrophization (p <0.001) and hypervigilance (p <0.001).