Identificação de áreas favoráveis a implantação de aterros sanitários entre municípios do sertão paraibano

Abstract

Currently, the generation of Solid Urban Waste (SUW) is high, and the main form of disposal of this waste is in landfills, contaminated soil, water and air. In this context, it is clear that the inadequate disposal of SUW is one of the serious problems faced by modern society, and an alternative to remedy or minimize this problem is landfills, defined as a place for the final disposal of SUW generated by human activity in an environmentally correct way, thus minimizing adverse effects to the environment. However, the areas suitable for the implementation of this type of engineering project are increasingly scarce, mainly due to disorderly urban expansion. Given the above, the objective of this study is to identify suitable areas for the implementation of a landfill among the nine municipalities of RGP, located in the interior of Paraíba, based on current environmental legislation. The methodology proposed for the study consists of the use of geotechnologies, mainly the Qgis software, version 3.10.12, for the preparation of thematic maps based on the minimum criteria for landfill implantation, established by current environmental legislation and competent public bodies , which are standardized for the same unit, assigning weights according to their aptitudes, based on the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) methodology, classifying them into proper, good, regular and inappropriate areas for the implementation of a landfill. Among the results obtained, it was found that the population forecast of the municipalities under study until the year 2040 will have a percentage increase of 6,82%, reaching 81,900 inhabitants and the total accumulated generation of waste for the 20 years will correspond to 244,9 thousand tons for RGP, requiring a minimum area for the implementation of the landfill of 9,6 hectares. Furthermore, it was found that the most suitable sites according to the established criteria correspond to 1,5% (4,5 thousand ha) of the total area of the RGP. Finally, it is expected that the information collected from this study will serve as a technical and scientific basis in the preparation of projects and/or programs for the municipal solid waste sector in the municipalities of RGP.