Análise geomorfológica como fator de vulnerabilidade ambiental em regiões serranas: Uma proposta a gestão territorial na microrregião da Serra do Teixeira – PB

Abstract

Environmental vulnerability reflects the degree of degradation due to the inadequate management of resources in the environment. The use of representative indicators facilitates the identification of the places with the highest degree of vulnerability, allowing the planning of actions aimed at mitigating the negative impacts present. The morphoclimatic characteristics of semi-arid regions make it difficult to identify the agents of vulnerability, given the difficulty in perceiving the various phenomena that occur throughout the year. The objective of this work was to adapt indicators of environmental vulnerability described by Crepani et al., (2001) for the micro region of Serra do Teixeira and evaluate its efficiency in determining regional environmental vulnerability. The data integration took place in a GIS environment (Geographic Information System) using the free software Qgis 2.18, and involved the detailing of six factors: geology, geomorphology, pedology, rainfall, land use and occupation and demographic density, which allowed the identification of areas with the lowest and highest degree of vulnerability. The results demonstrate an efficiency of the indicators used in the analysis of the environmental vulnerability in mountainous regions considering the focus on the geomorphological characteristics that are relevant factors in the environmental dynamics of these places. In this work, the indicators that showed the greatest influence on the final environmental vulnerability were land use and occupation and pedology, which show significant decay due to the strong anthropic influence and inadequate management. The use of UAVs as an instrument for collecting and validating information with a greater degree of detail was essential in this type of study, given the technical capacity of the equipment to map areas of difficult access.