Determinantes sociais da saúde: um estudo sobre fatores de risco e fatores de proteção com famílias em situação de vulnerabilidade social

Abstract

The definition of health requires a complex social production, in which its results should influence political decisions for well-being. In addition, the health-disease process is directly influenced by the social determinants of health (SDH), which consists of different aspects: social, economic, ethnic, psychological and behavioral. Concerning the SDH are related to issues of vulnerability, which is determined by different factors, which weaken citizenship rights for individuals, through precariousness, both in social spheres, as well as in affective-relational issues. This process results in the appearance of different risk and protection factors for each social group, that is, being sick or healthy is directly related to social class, living conditions and the risk factors that each individual and / or population is exposed to. Thus, this research aimed to investigate the living and health conditions of families in situations of social vulnerability monitored by the Center of Reference of Social Assistance (CRAS) in a rural district of the agreste of Paraíba, more specifically: to analyze the conditions and lifestyle of families in situations of social vulnerability; and to identify the factors that interfere in the health of families in situations of social vulnerability. For this, a cross-sectional study was carried out, with a quantitative-qualitative approach in the District of Galante - PB. Data collection was performed by filling out a form, based on the information available in the medical records and reports of registration and monitoring of families by CRAS of the District of Galante - PB. The collected data were organized in a database and statistical analyzes bivariate analysis and Poisson Regression to obtain the risk association measure: Relative Risk (RR) or Prevalence Ratio. Families, included in the study, have as responsible individuals with a median age of 35 years, 91.07% female; 55.36% did not finish elementary school and has an average of 4.5 people per family. It was observed that food insecurity, access to leisure activities and the context of work (whether they have formal work or not) directly interfere in the health context of these families as risk factors. No protective factors have been identified. It is expected that these results will contribute to a reflection about social inequities and socioeconomic conditions and in the formulation of more effective public policies, as well as for the performance of professionals to this audience, with a broader and contextualized look at the various factors that impact in life and health.