Análise de desempenho de um novo dessalinizador solar tipo omdular

Abstract

For human consumption and other domestic activities, residents of the Brazilian semiarid use water from different sources, thus, water quality is of vital importance, mainly because they use well water, which generally has a high level of salinity. Observing that the Northeast region has a high potential for the exploitation of solar energy, in this way, it uses the processes of solar desalination to potable these waters, which is a renewable, sustainable and simple energy, used to purify the water through the processes evaporation and condensation. In this research, a thermal analysis of a new desalinator was carried out via wave-type solar energy as a function of solar energy, in the city of Campina Grande, PB, Brazil (latitude 7 ° 13'11 '' south and longitude 35 ° 52 '31' 'west, with an average altitude of 550 meters above sea level). Samples were collected from wells at Sítio Paulo de Sousa in the city of Caturité-PB (Poço-P1) and at Sítio Escurinho de Cima in the city of Juazeirinho-PB (Poço-P2). Physical-chemical analyzes of alkalinity, chloride, electrical conductivity, hardness, pH, sodium, potassium were carried out in order to determine the water quality before and after the solar desalination process. In general, it was seen that the production of desalinated water is directly related to the incidence of solar radiation. In addition, it was found that the thermal efficiency of the desalinator accompanied the flow of solar radiation and that it has a direct relationship with productivity. From flow 1, sodium, chloride and potassium values were obtained according to the maximum permissible. For chlorides, values of 250 mg.L^-1 were found, resulting in a significant reduction for well P1 and P2, 99% and 97%, respectively. For flows 2 and 3, sodium showed a 100% reduction, after the desalination process. Therefore, all physical-chemical parameters showed a significant reduction, in accordance with the potability standards for human consumption, required by the Ministry of Health Ordinance in force in the country, proving the efficiency of the desalinator, for obtaining fresh water, it can be applied not only for research purposes, but also as an alternative to acquire quality water for isolated communities in the semi-arid region of Paraíba, where there is a shortage of drinking water.