Agronomic Efficiency of Esa 123 Strain of "Bradyrhizobium" sp. for Culture Of Peanut ("Arachis Hypogaea") in Different Edaphoclimate Conditions of the Brazilian Semi-Arid

Abstract

Peanuts are an oilseed belonging to the Fabacea family, therefore, a vegetable with the ability to associate with bacteria of the genus Rhizobium. Its production in Brazil is concentrated in the Southeast region, mainly in the state of São Paulo. The Northeast region has been standing out in the production of peanuts due to being a crop that adapts to the climatic conditions of the region. For efficient development, the peanut plant needs nitrogen, however, like large fertilizer applications, they cause great environmental impacts and increase production costs. Seeking a reduction in these aspects, a biological nitrogen correction is an alternative to supply the nitrogen demand for peanuts. Through the use of inoculants containing rhizobia, the corrected nitrogen rates tend to increase, providing increases in productivity. To maximize this process, it is necessary to select rhizobia strains. The objective of this research was to evaluate the agronomic efficiency of a new strain of rhizobia for the peanut crop, to obtain its commercial validation along with the requirements of the MAPA. The experimental tests were carried out in accordance with the instructions of the regulation of the Agricultural Defense Department No. 13, of March 24, 2011. 5 treatments were taken with 4 repetitions, totaling 20 experimental plots. The experimental tests consist of treatments, strain ESA 123, SEMIA 6144 (strain of commercial inoculant), application of 40 kg N ha-1, application of 80 kg N ha-1 and an absolute control (without inoculation or fertilization). With each resulting plot being 8 lines of 3 m in length with spacing of 0.25 and 0.70 m, between plants and lines, respectively. In all, four experimental tests were carried out in different fields in the Northeast. The variables evaluated were: number of nodules, mass of dry nodules, dry aerial part and pod and grain yield. In this context, an interaction of ESA 123 with the peanut crop obtained results in increasing productivity, being a candidate to be launched for commercial use.