A relação teoria e prática na perspectiva ontológica e suas repercussões na produção intelectual do serviço social brasileiro

Abstract

Theoretical-practical appropriation has been one of the great dilemmas that permeate Social Work throughout its constitution as a profession, requiring analyzes that contemplate the debate, overcoming the superficiality of the discourses that establish the boundary between its technicist / pragmatic profile and its critical development. The main objective of this research is to analyze the relation theory and practice in the ontological perspective and its repercussions in the intellectual production of the brazilian Social Work. The specific objectives that guided this investigation were: to understand how the relation between theory and praxis in the ontology of the social being is established; understand the appropriation of the ontological perspective in Social Work; to identify how the relation theory and practice is expressed in the classic works of the Social Work literature under Lukacsian inspiration and to understand the repercussions that the approach to the ontology of the social being brought to the profession. It is constituted as a bibliographical research, with a qualitative approach. The method of analysis is the dialectical critic, in view of the need for critical revision of the apparent dichotomy between theory and practice, aiming to reach the essence of the analysis, the theoretical and ideological determinations built on the object in question, in the particularity of the brazilian Social Work. We seek to locate the central categories extracted from the ontology of social being that allow us to identify the complexes that expose the existing mediation between theoretical knowledge and praxis. Subsequently we focus on the contextualization of the approach of Social Work to the marxist tradition and the ontological debate – located after the process of renewal of the profession, the result of the theoretical-methodological maturation of thinking stemming from critical social theory. Finally, we seek to analyze in the classic literature of the profession, the recurrence to Lukács in the discussion of the fundamentals, contemplating the three dimensions that compose it – theoretical-methodological, ethical-political and technical-operative – and their contributions to the construction of the code of ethics of 1993. Among the identified categories, the ones that most impact on the analyzed works and that underlie the theoretical-practical apprehension, were: work (in this the discussion about teleology and causality), ideology (in this included the scientific thought and the daily, as well as the discussion about alienation and reification) and praxis. The use of an ontological perspective, allowed the Social Work to identify the nature of the profession, in bourgeois social relations, but also, to reconstruct the foundations of theoretical-political articulation, which had in the theoretical-methodological deepening and in the construction of the 1993 code of ethics its maximum expression, identifying its class belonging and projections towards human emancipation (and human-generic values), as the horizon of another possible form of sociability. It also contributed to the revision of conservative foundations, as well as to the demystification of the contradictions and ideologies that emerge from the immediacy of daily.