O capital chinês e o imperialismo no século XXI: o papel do Banco Asiático de investimentos em Infraestrutura na internacionalização do capital chinês no sudeste asiático (2013-2019)

Abstract

This dissertation discusses the present-day significance of the Marxist Theory of Imperialism and its relations to the process of exportation of capital by Chinese Capital to Southeast Asia. This process is stimulated by the actions of Transnational Public Banks of China. By analyzing the chosen particularity, this research selected the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank (AIIB), given its connection to the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI), the international public policy focused on sustaining the Chinese economic growth and the strengthening of global productive centers in dependent capitalist countries to consumer markets in core capitalist countries. The process of exportation of capital put forward by Chinese Capital is understood as necessary to the upkeep of the process of expanded reproduction of such Capital. Therefore, the Chinese State becomes the financial supporter necessary for the expansion of its domestic Capital. That also enables the transformation of the current global geographic space dynamic. Throughout this research, socio-historical dialectic materialism is used as a research method, connecting phenomena and categories of analysis to the object. Aiming to demonstrate the pertinence of the theoretical framework of the Marxist Theory of Imperialism, this Dissertation dedicates its first chapter to the present-day significance of this theory, reviewing the bibliography related to this theme, from its origins to its contemporary discussions. The second chapter focuses on the contemporary particularity of the process of capital accumulation in the People’s Republic of China (PRC). The conditions for accumulation and reproduction in this country and its integration to world capitalism are reviewed. The contemporary vectors of the Chinese capital accumulation process are reviewed, permeated by the necessity for capital exportation. Within these vectors lies the need for the creation and ulterior functioning of Public-Owned Banks, through which vast financial sums are obtained by State-Owned Enterprises (SOEs), aiming its multinationalization. The third chapter of this Dissertation focuses on the particularity of the AIIB, the Multilateral Development Bank created to supply loans to companies involved in the creation of the Belt and Road Initiative. Our approach to this object follows the linkage between PRC invested capital through AIIB in a wait to sustain the international expansion of Chinse Capital to through Belt and Road Initiative designated countries. This process is demonstrated in the second half of this chapter, which selects the geographical region of Southeast Asia. In what concerns Southeast Asia, all the nine AIIB approved projects between 2016 and 2019 were analyzed. Finally, through Marxist Theory of Imperialism, we discuss the acting of the AIIB and its role in Chinese Capital internationalization in Southeast Asia, contributing to the actualization of the category of Imperialism facing the socio-historical process started by the internationalization of Chinese Capital.