Avaliação da capacidade de autocuidado em pessoas com lesão medular

Abstract

People with spinal cord injury (SCI) are prone to secondary complications that can reduce their quality of life. The Self-Care Theory proposes the active participation of the subject in his therapy aiming at the acquisition of independence. The objective of this study was to evaluate the capacity of self-care in people with SCI. This is a cross-sectional, analytical and quantitative approach. Developed in Family Health Units of the city of Campina Grande, Paraíba, Brazil, and in the households of people with LMs enrolled in the FHU, from December 2018 to March 2019. The sample was a census type, composed of 65 people aged 18 or over. The Nursing Consultation Instrument was used in the Home Visit to People with Spinal Cord Injury, which allows to classify the individual as to the degree of dependence. The collected data were analyzed through the statistical program SPSS, version 20.0 for Windows, and presented through tables. The associations considered the 95% confidence intervals (p <0.05). Comparison with frequency proportions was done using the Chi-square test and Fisher's Exact Test. This research was developed in accordance with the parameters of Resolution 466/2012 and Resolution No. 506/2016 of the National Health Council of the Ministry of Health. The project was approved by UEPB CEP, opinion 2,530,586 and CAAE: 84353818.0 .0000.5187. The results were presented through a scientific article derived from the research. There was a predominance of males (70.8%), mean age of 43.3 years, without partner (58.5%), low level of schooling (63.1%), non-white (60%) and per capita income of up to 1 minimum wage (93.8%). The domain of traumatic etiology (64.6%), incomplete lesion (72.3%) and paraplegia (81.5%) were found. The facets that showed greater dependence were: ability to mobilize outside the home and establish social relations. The sample was classified as a mild degree of dependence, since it presented an average global score of 48,2. Associations between schooling (p = 0.016), age group at the time of injury (p = 0.015), presence of previous health conditions (p = 0.015), surgery after SCI (p = 0.010), changes in bladder (p = 0.040) and intestinal pattern (p = 0.006), and the need for accessibility at home (p = 0.005) with the capacity for self-care. It was found that sociodemographic and clinical factors may interfere with self-care capacity in people with SCI. It is believed to have contributed to the reflection on this problem and, for the improvement of the nursing care, that must evaluate these aspects in the attention to this group.