Multipli(cidade): a potência da multidão em Pauliceia de mil dentes, de Maria José Silveira

Abstract

Constructed as a space for the voices of the many, contemporary literature has proved fruitful for the encounter with otherness, bringing various characters with singularities. Their lives are important and their individual experiences make sense when they are produced collectively. This idea implies difference as power, since it coexists in the same space, generally urban, it generates a production of subjectivity, without excluding relations. The subjects that find themselves in this typically modern multiplicity bring in themselves the desires of the multitude, conquering a new space in the literary scope: the literature of multitude. Based on this, the present work aims to broaden a debate on this new type of approach, taking into account the many and putting the city as a locus of multiplicity. Therefore, we will use the novel by Maria José Silveira, Pauliceia de mil dentes (2012), for a reading that is intended horizontally. Thus, in Chapter I, we will make an approach about the biographical traits of the author, passing summarily through the fragmented plot. In addition, we will elucidate the ties held by the crowd in Pauliceia, based on Justin (2014); The discussion of the multiple voices present in the narrative - narrator and characters - with Dalcastagnè (2012) and Silviano Santiago (1986); The paths of dialogism and otherness, with Bakhtin (1995); As well as the relation of the photographs, put in the book, with crime, with the city, with the crowd, by the considerations of Schollhammer (2013). In Chapter II, we aim to weave considerations about the city of São Paulo in the work, its relations with Modernism and modernity, with the theories of Chalmers (2002) and Andrade (1978); On the concept of multiplicity that Castro (2015) refers to, contextualizing the discussion about the city; On the rhizome as an expansive movement, related to the city panorama, by Deleuze and Guatarri (1995). In a following moment, Pellegrini (2005) enters still more in the city, revealing its possible spaces; Dalcastagnè (2012) focuses on his character character; Among other lucubrations. To base the debate on the crowd, concepts of Justino (2012, 2014) about the subjects that circulate in the city will be discussed; Of Canclini (2006) and Legault (2000), regarding the concept of "intercultural", quite applicable to the literature of multitude, since the difference is not superimposed and exclusive, but imbricated and powerful. Finally, in Chapter III, we turn to a metacritical developed from the positions of Antonio Candido (1970, 1972, 1973, 2011), in classic texts, in which he dictates the aesthetic elitist criteria for valuing a work. In this sense, these traditional values will be put in check, taking as a "counter-argument" the positions of Regina Dalcastagnè (2008, 2012), suggesting a literature more open to alterity, and especially more unrealistic (breaking of the "untouchable") Of the literary work, by Benjamin (1994). In the conclusion, we will emphasize the opening of a new line of escape that proposes to analyze Pauliceia of a thousand teeth from the perspective of the many, gathering all the critical-interpretative elements of the work that indicate the existence of a literature of multitude. The latter does not deny tradition, but reconfigures it.