Violência escolar: Vitimização e agressão entre adolescentes da rede pública municipal de ensino

Abstract

Introduction: It is understood by school violence those aggression situations arising from relationships and caused practices at school or out of it, including interpersonal conflicts, property damages and criminal acts committed by various school actors, namely to students, teachers, staff; manifested through aggression students and their peers, students and teachers, students and staff and unlike. Objective: To analyze the frequency and the factors associated with victimization and aggression of school violence among adolescents aged 10 to 19 years registered in municipal public schools in Campina Grande, Brazil. Materials and Methods: Set up as a cross-sectional epidemiological study with inductive approach, descriptive and analytical character. The sample was characterized as probabilistic by conglomerate in a stratum. The sample size calculation was done considering the prevalence of 50% of school violence, adopting a confidence level of 95% and 5% from error margin, design effect (Deff) of 1.7% and an increase of 20% for losses. He estimated the final sample in 678 adolescents. To collect the data we used the instrument called School Violence Scale, Likert scale that measures school violence frequency and severity. The following variables were analyzed: sex, age, school violence physical, psychological, material, virtual and symbolic; victimization and aggression by school violence, physical, psychological and virtual bullying, alcohol use, weapon possession and firearm at school. Data were analyzed with SPSS version 18.0 and presented by descriptive statistics (absolute and percentage distributions, mean, median and standard deviation). For inferential analysis we used the Chi-square test and Fisher's exact. The significance level to be used in statistical tests was 5% and 95% confidence interval. Results: Self-reported school violence reached 86.3% of students. Girls were victims predominantly of psychological violence, while boys experienced higher victimization by physical and material violence. There was a significant association between the variables "being aggressor" with "alcohol use" (p <0.001; OR = 3.92 [2.01 to 7.65]), "carry weapon at school" (p = 0.03; PR = 2.17 [1.08 to 4.34]) and "porting firearm at school" (PR = 17.73; [2.32 to 135.02]). As for school bullying, 29.5% of students reported victimization by bullying, while 8.4% of the students said bullying practice against another student. There was a male students predominance in bullying cases both as victims and as perpetrators. Conclusions: It is inferred that school violence, in most cases, involves male students, with victims and / or aggressors who demonstrate risk behavior in school. Similarly, bullying affects, mostly, male students, who alternate in the role of victim and aggressors, and bullying aggressors more likely to use tobacco and alcohol at school.