Estudos com Syzygium cumini (L.) Skeel: Caracterização da matéria-prima, perfil fitoquímico, citotoxidade e atividade antimicrobiana sobre microorganismos associados ao biofilme dental

Abstract

The aim of this study was to characterize the vegetable raw material, as well as analyze the phytochemical profile, cytotoxicity and antimicrobial activity of the leaf extract of Syzygium cumini (L.) Skeel on microorganisms associated with dental biofilm. The characterization was performed by the determination of physicochemical properties: particle size, apparent uncompressed density, pH, ash content and loss on drying powder of Syzygium cumini plant drug L. Skeels and application of analytical techniques (electron microscopy scanning, thermal analysis - Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and Termogravimetry (TG), X-ray diffraction and infrared spectroscopy) to characterize and implement a quality control of the lyophilized extract of leaves jambolan, which has antimicrobial property. In addition, was determined the antimicrobial activity of the extract of Syzygium cumini (L.) Skeel on microorganisms associated with dental plaque, as well as the phytochemical profile and cytotoxicity. The antimicrobial activity was performed by microdilution broth. Was determined Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC), Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) and Minimum Fungicidal Concentration (MFC) of the lyophilized extract against Streptococcus mutans (ATCC 25175), Streptococcus parasanguis (ATCC 903), Streptococcus oralis (ATCC 10557), Streptococcus salivarius (ATCC 7073) and Candida albicans (ATCC 10231). Phytochemical analysis was performed by spectroscopy in the visible region and was quantified polyphenols, flavonoids, condensed tannins and total saponins. Cytotoxicity was measured by the hemolysis method. The results demonstrate that particle size of the powder leaves of S. cumini is thick, the pH is acidic and has good density. The ash content and loss on drying were within the parameters recommended by the Pharmacopoeia. The analysis of the extract showed a typical feature of plant extracts, in other words, the particles showed amorphous property. Furthermore, such particles could be observed in the microscopy irregularly shaped, forming agglomerates of different sizes and morphology. In thermal characterization of the extract, five events of decomposition, presented by TG and DSC curves occurred; this had endothermic characteristic. The IR spectrum suggested various functional groups of compounds present in the lyophilized extract in different absorption bands.For Streptococcus, S. cumini was only active against S. mutans and S. oralis (MIC 1mg/mL).The extract showed potential antifungal activity against C. albicans, demonstrating strong fungistatic and fungicidal activity. The quantification of secondary metabolites obtained satisfactory results, especially with high concentrations of total polyphenols and saponins. The extract showed low cytotoxicity. Therefore, the profile of leaves of S. cumini was drawn, showing up in general good physico-chemical, chemical and thermal characteristics. S. cumini has a good antimicrobial potential, with acceptable levels of phytochemicals and compounds with low cytotoxicity and is therefore recommended for use with safety and efficacy in the prevention and treatment of diseases resulting biofilm.