Adesão ao tratamento da tuberculose: Aspectos da vulnerabilidade programática

Abstract

Despite technological advances related to input findings, treatment and cure, tuberculosis remains a serious public health problem. One of the biggest obstacles to their control is the inadequacy or abandonment of treatment, and a major challenge is to find effective solutions that facilitate compliance. Objective: To analyze the potential of adherence to tuberculosis treatment, through scores of adhesion markers, related to the programmatic aspects of vulnerability in the city of Campina Grande, State of Paraiba. Material and Methods: A descriptive study, cross cut, and quantitative approach. It was adopted as theoretical framework the concept of adherence to treatment worked for Bertolozzi and employees and the concept of vulnerability dimensions proposed by Ayres et al. To collect data, we used an instrument validated for adoption under the Primary Health Care, which enables membership elucidate markers to tuberculosis treatment and establishes scores, ranging from 1 to 3 as the potential accession. The analytical dimension was addressed programmatic vulnerability, expressed by 12 markers and analyzed the structure of axes and dynamic organization of health services, and implementation of actions. The gathering took place in March 2015 in the city of Campina Grande-PB, involving 39 patients with tuberculosis, diagnosed from September 2014 to February 2015. For data analysis was conducted descriptive and factorial statistical matching Multiple, obtaining plans representing the configuration of the space variables. Results: In both axes of analysis, the highest median and the larger variations were observed in the score 3; the score 2 was the most concise; and a score of 1, although less than 20% median showed great dispersion. Markers that had the score 1 as the most significant were 'difficult to treat compared to the support of health care', 'time to get diagnosed' and 'receiving home visit'. For the score 3, the main contributors were the markers for the bond. The group of patients who were diagnosed in a period exceeding one month, resorted to three or more services for the diagnosis and sought private medical office or hospital as the first service, represented a combination of characteristics indicative of a low potential for adherence to treatment. Conclusions: The centralized model adopted by the municipality with respect to assistance to tuberculosis, it seems to maintain relationship with little variability in the distribution of scores, and enhances the low scores of some markers, such as marker 'receiving home visit'. The inefficient trajectories suggest weaknesses of the Family Health Strategy, contributing to the low potential accession. It is essential to rethink the organization of health care TB services, strengthening the Family Health Strategy, to promote early diagnosis and treatment adherence.