COMUNIDADE TALHADO - UM GRUPO ÉTNICO DE EMANESCÊNCIA QUILOMBOLA: UMA IDENTIDADE CONSTRUÍDA DE FORA?

Abstract

This work is the result of an identity study in a mestizo countryside community (black and caboclo ) known as "Talhado", in the municipal district of Santa Luzia, Paraíba. The community began to be inhabited from 1860 on, It faced a semi-isolation phase and from 1970 on, suffered an emigratory process that reduced considerably its population. In 2004, "A Fundação Cultural Palmares (a cultural foundation) emitted the solemnity-recognition certificate of "Talhado" as a remainder of the quilombos communities, bringing new expectations to the group and generating in the academic world other interpretative possibilities and even explanatory ones about its ethnic specifications. Making use of a methodological triangular process that combines the History of Life (one of the classes in Oral History) with the ethnographical model developed by "Arruti" (2006), we investigated the process of formation of the "quilombolas" identity in "Talhado". Theoretically, we analyzed the existent academic references on the subject, that is to say, the documentary "Aruanda" by Linduarte Noronha and the two dissertations on master's degree produced by anthropologist Josefa Salete Barbosa Cavalcanti and by sociologist José Vandilo dos Santos, as well as, we worked with the definitions of Ethnic Identity, "Quilombola" remainder (included the idea of Quilombo ) and Memory. We discovered that "Talhado" itself doesn't present a knowledge about that "quilombolas" identity that is attributed on it, therefore, being constituted in an external construction. In this way, through the oral expression, we emphasized the subject of the Identity while taking part in the formation of the own group.