Gestão e conflitos pelo uso da água para abastecimento e desenvolvimento sustentável das comunidades ribeirinhas ao Açude Epitácio Pessoa

Abstract

The dam Epitácio Pessoa (AEP), Boqueirão, plays a fundamental part provisioning more than eighteen cities of the Compartment of Borborema and to foment the development of an agricultural pole, in the contiguous areas to the referred reservoir. However, the viability environmental partner depends on the administration of the water and of technical procedures to live together in harmony in this adapts of how. Before this, there was the need to study the administration and the conflicts for the use of the water for provisioning and maintainable development of the riversides communities to AEP, being those determinations the objectives principal of this work. The rainfall regime of the adjacent municipal districts to referred her hydraulic basin (Cabaceiras, Boqueirão and Barra de São Miguel) it was established being used rainfall series and the social and environmental profile of the community to AEP, by application of questionnaires and/or of information given in by the Association of Irrigantes and Clerkship of Economical Development and Agriculture of Boqueirão city, as well as, for fishermen, farmers of the Colony Z - 8 and of the Association of Irrigantes. The diagnosis of the conflicts, for the use of the water in AEP, it was done with base in the reports of the meetings promoted by the organs managers, by virtue of the water balance between the offer and the demand of water, in relationship to storage of water of AEP, for concession ends of it grants. The statistical analyses and other procedures were made being used the spreadsheet Excel. The principal found results showed that the educational profile of the riversides community to AEP is of low education and/or of illiterates and the regime of distribution of rains, it makes unfeasible the cultivate in the system without irrigation. Therefore, the irrigation is indispensable to the local development, besides being to main generating source of employment and income. The shortage of the rains is the "trigger" to unchain the conflicts for the administration of use of the water. The irrigation is just practiced by small producers (inferior areas to five hectares) and use of the irrigation located system. There is need of the organs promoters of publish politics, of technical attendance, to guide the agricultural and fishes activities. The contributions of water in AEP, in the last two years, were insignificant, although the measures legal and/or the educational campaigns have result in a reduction of 24.5 %. However, the volumes of water for that leaves in the basin they are much larger than authorized, besides, its gets lost in the distribution about 42.0 %. The safety of the water and the administration of the water, of the dam Epitácio Pessoa, they are conditions sine qua non to guarantee the water supply, for the Borborema compartment, including of Campina Grande city, and to assist the agricultural and fishes activities, being made possible the development maintainable real place.