Atenção primária da saúde para prevenção da deficiência visual congênita em crianças

Abstract

Investigate the preventive process of congenital visual impairment during the prenatal care performed by the nurses in the Estratégia Saúde da Família. A transversal, descriptive and exploratory study with a quantitative approach using primary and secondary data accomplished in the Secretaria de Saúde of Campina Grande city, Paraíba-Brazil, by the notifications of congenital syphilis from SINAN-NET and a questionnaire involving 83 nurses from the Unidades Básicas de Saúde da Família (UBSF s) located in urban area of that city. The Software SPSS 13.0 was used for the data processing, and a statistical treatment making use of descriptive statistics and chi-square test. This present study gained Ethical Approval in the Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa under protocol No. 161888513.7.00005187.Results: The data were collected during 2007-2012, and revealed an annual increasing with a total of 113 cases of congenital syphilis in Campina Grande city, Paraíba, Brazil. In relation to the mother s profile, through the samples of the cases identified, it is observed that 63,7% of them were 20 to 34 years old; 76,9% of them are mixed race/color; 30% had incomplete primary education; 98,2% of the notified children were less than 1 year old; 97% lived in urban area; 78,7 of the mothers underwent prenatal care; 62,8% underwent syphilis treatment improperly and 79,6¨% of the mothers did not have their partners treated. In relation to the preventive actions performed during prenatal care with (n) nurses, it is concluded that 69.9% of nurses did not perform educational activities on prevention of disabilities; 83,6 % informed about the importance of rubella immunization; 100% required serology for toxoplasmosis, 98,6% for syphilis; 57,5% underwent the mothers pregnancy syphilis treatment in their own USBF s units; 97,3% of the nurses affirmed to have treated the pregnant woman and her partner; 90,4% made reference to toxoplasmosis prevention; 64% did not guide or order the mothers to protect the children s play areas; 64,4% guided the mothers to wash their hands after touching land; 89% guided the mothers to wash fruit and vegetables before eating them; 51,2% did not guide to do cleaning in cats sanitary boxes every day; 56,2% affirmed to have guided mothers about vector control, 90,4% about drinking treated or boiled water, 72,2% about eating well-done meats and 52,1% about not to eat raw meat. In relation to the nurses actions and profiles, we observed that the majority did not present a statistically significant association, standing out the ones who have obtained association. Some nurses who did not know the guiding policy to combat congenital visual impairment were the ones who made less reference to the prevention of this disability, a result of professional unpreparedness. The results show that the prevention of congenital visual impairment is accomplished, but in an indirect and unsatisfactory way in relation to the increasing number of cases of congenital syphilis, an easily prevention, detection and treatment disease. The nurses perform most of the actions recommended in prenatal. However, they demonstrate professional unpreparedness at issue health education, especially in relation to congenital visual impairment.