Condição pós-COVID-19 em pessoas idosas: estudo biopsicossocial e a percepção da qualidade de vida

Abstract

The COVID-19 pandemic disproportionately affected the elderly, both during the acute phase of the illness and during recovery. Post-COVID-19 condition, characterized by persistent symptoms, can significantly impact the mental health and quality of life of this population. This study investigated the sociodemographic characteristics, clinical profile, cognitive functions, emotional state, and quality of life perception in elderly individuals in post-COVID-19 condition in the city of Santa Cruz, located in the western region of the state of Paraíba. This is a quantitative and descriptive study, which collected data through validated questionnaires from 22 elderly individuals who recovered from COVID-19 and attended the local Social Assistance Reference Center (CRAS). The region is notable for its high aging index, making the study even more relevant. The participants were mostly women aged 71 to 75 years, with an average income of one minimum wage and retired.The study found that the perception of mental health among participants varied, with most reporting good or moderate health. However, physical health was concerning, with nearly half of the elderly describing it as poor. Most COVID-19 infections occurred in 2022 and 2021, being mainly treated at home. Cough, fever, and headache were the most common symptoms. Despite all participants having been vaccinated against COVID-19, with no reports of reinfection, post-COVID-19 symptoms such as memory alteration and fatigue prevailed after quarantine, primarily affecting memory and causing high fatigue. Anxiety and depression were also common, with most presenting normal levels and a minority presenting moderate levels. Some participants reported high stress levels.The quality of life of the elderly varied, with higher scores in the Social Relationships and Environment domains, and lower scores in the Physical Health and Psychological Health domains. The study results align with existing literature on the prevalence of post-COVID-19 symptoms in the elderly.Post-COVID-19 condition represents a significant public health challenge, especially for this population. It is crucial to invest in research, multidisciplinary follow-up, and the development of care strategies to promote the physical, mental, and social well-being of the elderly after COVID-19.