“Cemitério dos vivos”: costurando histórias institucionalizantes pós reforma psiquiátrica

Abstract

Madness has been the object of exclusion since the end of the Middle Ages, where the insane began to suffer the same processes of exclusion as lepers, causing these subjects to be removed from social life, in order to maintain a community cleansing. Thus, in the seventeenth century, there was the institutional creation of psychiatric hospitalizations, thus opening doors to the conception of asylums. Thus, in the mid-twentieth century, asylums were considered the most effective therapeutic mode for the reestablishment of the individual. Therefore, this fact has generated several discussions since the 70s, as a result of complaints of mistreatment and deprivation of rights, within psychiatric hospitals, resulting in several movements that have changed the scenario of care to madness, until the present day. Thus, by knowing the perception of those who experienced the moment of hospitalization, they bring the speech as a possible place of denunciation in the face of the psychiatric hospitals that still exist, thus being able to legitimize the discourse of the mentally ill. In this sense, the study aims to know the histories and experiences of users who went through psychiatric hospitalization after the Reform process. It was a qualitative study, with data analysis, will have as a theoretical-methodological perspective the Thematic Oral History, which is characterized as a narrative of a fact, of those who witnessed an event or that at least has some nuance that is debatable, being carried out at the Psychosocial Care Center III, in the city of Campina Grande-PB, with service users who went through some episode of psychiatric hospitalization, and that they were duly registered in the service. The study had 6 collaborators, in which data collection was carried out through an interview with a semi-structured script. The analysis of the data obtained from the interviews occurred through the categorization of the axes and subaxes proposed by Meihy's Oral History. By analyzing the oralities, it was possible to perceive that even after the changes that existed in the Psychiatric Reform, there are still reports of mistreatment, deprivation of rights and determinant facts for the perpetuation of the chronicity of diseases within psychiatric hospitals. In this sense, this study constitutes an instrument in the defense of a society without asylums, and in the strengthening of rights, the adequate training of health professionals in ethics and humanization of care, and the investment in community mental health services as an alternative to prolonged hospitalizations in hospitals.