Nova divisão internacional do trabalho, reestruturação produtiva e dependência: uma análise da economia brasileira entre os anos de 2001 e 2021

Abstract

The present study sought to verify how the integration of Brazil to capitalism in its contemporary (neoliberal) form altered the Brazilian economic dependence on foreign productive investments, as well as the consequences of this for the remittance of surpluses sent abroad, between the years 2001 and 2021. That said, taking Marxian economic theory as an analytical basis, the hypothesis was formulated that, in the current phase of capitalism, there was a deepening of the dependence of the Brazilian economy on the conditions of accumulation: commercial, technological and financial dependence, the which resulted in a greater transfer of the surplus produced here abroad. To verify this hypothesis, initially, a presentation of the theoretical-analytical categories necessary to apprehend the dynamics of reproduction of the capitalist mode of production was carried out. Then, a logical-historical reconstruction of the transformations suffered by the capitalist mode of production after the Structural Crisis of 1970 was engaged. Subsequently, it was analyzed how the changes that occurred in world capitalism after the Structural Crisis of 1970 were particularized in Brazil. Finally, an analysis was carried out on the Trade Balance of Brazil, on the Balance of Income and Services and on the entry of Foreign Direct Investments and their income. At the end of the research, it was observed that in the current phase of capitalism there was a deepening of the dependence of the Brazilian economy on the conditions of accumulation: commercial and technological dependence, which resulted in a greater transfer of the surplus produced here abroad.