Produção do espaço e planejamento nas bordas urbano-rurais entre o município de Campina Grande-PB e o distrito de São José da Mata

Abstract

The urban-rural transition areas between the city of Campina Grande and the district of São José da Mata comprise the border zones between the urbanized areas of the metropolitan center and the areas with rural characteristics of the aforementioned district. These borders have undergone transformations in recent years due to the urbanization process, leading to the expansion of the city into rural areas where there is no effective concern in planning for these areas. The process of urbanization of rural lands, transforming them into urban spaces, foments private interests in the construction of large enterprises, and these transformations in the use and occupation of the soil modify the space, bringing, as a consequence, socioeconomic inequalities, disorderly growth, degradation biodiversity, lack of basic infrastructure and community equipment, among other effects. Urban development planning in Campina Grande is extensive and takes little account of rural aspects in the production process of urban-rural transition areas. In this way, it is expected that the State, as a regulatory body, will be able to direct and manage this constant urban expansion in order to optimize the existing infrastructure and promote its provision in a rational and integrated way with natural ecosystems. The objective of this research is to characterize the space production process in the western region, analyzing the urban-rural transition areas between the city of Campina Grande and the district of São José da Mata. The research methodology adopted the following procedures: data collection and the elaboration of georeferenced cartographic material of the projects approved by the City Hall and of public community equipment for health, education and social service, high definition satellite images via Google Earth and GHSI Build, field reconnaissance, documentary research with consultation of current legislation documentation and application of interviews. As a result of the analysis, it was observed the recurrent expansion of the urban limits of Campina Grande over the years, driven both by real estate developers, whose products cover all social strata, and by government agents, who direct the implementation of housing complexes beyond the urban edges. Other space production logics were observed: popular production through urban agglomerations located in rural areas, vernacular housing, clandestine subdivisions, farms, farms, among others. In this way, the research intends to highlight the need for an integrated planning for the urban edges, which considers the pre-existence and the urban and rural characteristics of these territories so that the planned decisions reverberate for the socio-territorial development and the reduction of social inequalities