Análise das tentativas de suicídio por medicamentos: Um estudo a partir dos conceitos de vulnerabilidade

Abstract

INTRODUCTION: Suicide is an injury that reaches enormous figures, more than 700,000 deaths per year, being the fourth cause of death in young individuals, and an even greater number of individuals attempt it without success: 10 to 40 suicide attempts for each death by suicide, depending on the region of the Earth. Because they are easily accessible, medicines are instruments that are often used for this purpose. Especially in cities, such access is further facilitated by the wide availability of pharmacies and drugstores. Medications are among the toxic agents most implicated in poisonings in Brazil over the years, also appearing as the first product in suicide attempts. Independent populations are most at risk from the social threat inherent in these groups. Recognizing the spatial distribution correlating with the Social Vulnerability Index can elucidate the subsidies of higher prevalence of suicide attempts by medication, from which preventive measures can be instituted. OBJECTIVE: To analyze suicide attempts caused by medication in the city of Campina Grande, PB, in 2021 based on the spatial analysis of the distribution of these injuries and applying the concepts of vulnerability. METHODS: This is a longitudinal, prospective, descriptive study, using quantitative variables, whose secondary data were collected from the DATATOX of cases treated at the Center for Information and Toxicological Assistance (CIATOx) in Campina Grande - PB. Data were tabulated in an Excel spreadsheet and treated statistically. The analysis of spatial dependence was performed using the global Moran Index (spatial autocorrelation, p value) and the local Moran Index (assessment of the presence of clusters) with the construction of the MoranMap related to the rates of suicide attempts by medication, presenting only those clusters with pvalue < 0.05. RESULTS: Most cases are female (80.3%) and aged between 20-39 years, with a higher concentration of cases in individuals with complete high school (23.1%). The Malvinas neighborhood has the highest absolute number of cases (n = 9.71%), being classified as Very Low social vulnerability. Sociodemographic variables were independent of each other (Fischer's Exact Test with p-value > 0.05). By the Moran Global Index (0.15; p-value = 0.02131), it was shown that there is a positive spatial autocorrelation, showing that the occurrence of a case in a neighborhood influences its neighbors.