O papel dos sons nas estratégias de caça: Uma revisão global

Abstract

The association of sound with hunting techniques can provide information about the interactions between animals and humans. Although acoustic behavior is an important part of knowledge in human communities, bioacoustics remains superficially studied in the ethnobiological literature. Given the importance of research integrating bioacoustics with ethnozoology, we consider the use of a term in this study to verify folk knowledge about the use of sound by animals and humans, called ethnobioacoustics, being addressed in hunting practices. Humans being one of the main predators, bioacoustic knowledge becomes very important in hunting strategies, and information on this subject is sparse and anecdotal. Thus, we aimed, by means of a systematic review, to compile information on the production and perception of animal sounds associated with hunting. The papers to compose the review were selected using the PRISMA protocol, with searches being performed in Google Scholar using the keywords "hunting" AND "animal sounds". The searches with the protocol resulted in 996 papers, and 51 studies were used to compose the review. All data were analyzed with descriptive statistics. As results of the analysis of the selected studies, we observed that ethnobioacoustics was recorded for 27 countries, with most of them concentrated in Asia (11 countries, 14 studies). Brazil was the country with the largest number of studies (n = 6) and of species hunted with acoustic signals (n = 53). About 91 species were recorded, distributed in 36 families, and the main groups of animals associated with hunting techniques with acoustic signals were birds (74 records; n = 46 spp.; 48%) and mammals (76 records; n = 44 spp.; 50%), there was only 1 record for amphibian species (1 sp.) and two records for reptiles (unidentified species). The main species mentioned by the studies comprise the group of birds (n = 6), mammals (n = 2) and amphibians (n = 1), and 10 species with some degree of threat were also recorded among birds and mammals. The hunting strategies recorded using sound signals were 6 being imitation, acoustic bait, directional hunting, interpretation of sounds, hunting with music and hunting with dogs. We emphasize that knowing how sounds are used as tools to capture animals is important so that the protection measures created also involve this particularity of hunting.