Extração de metabólitos secundários da espécie Schinopsis brasiliensis Engler utilizando diferentes solventes

Abstract

Medicinal plants produce metabolites that are compounds of the secondary metabolism of plants that have several important pharmacological activities, making the plant kingdom a valuable source of substances useful in therapies involving humans. Based on this, it is necessary to study the optimization of the extraction of these metabolites to maximize production and contribute to the production chain in the pharmacotherapeutic field. Among the species of high biological value, Schinopsis brasiliensis Engler stands out, popularly known as “braúna”, “baraúna”, being the main representative of the genus Schinopsis. This tree is endemic to Brazil and its parts are used for therapeutic purposes such as flu, cough, diarrhea, anti-inflammatory, anthelmintic, treatment of cardiovascular diseases, antimicrobial and antifungal. Thus, this study aimed to obtain and quantify secondary metabolites (tannins, flavonoids and total polyphenols) from leaves of the species Schinopsis brasiliensis Engler, using three different solvents: ethanol, chloroform and hexane, using the ultrasound extractive method. To carry out the study, 10 collections of S. brasiliensis leaves were carried out in the municipalities of São José da Mata, Sumé, Pocinhos, Puxinanã, Queimadas and Campina Grande. Based on this, from the methodology used, the results for each of the solvents indicated significant differences in the amount of metabolites. The tests showed that the extract with the highest concentration of polyphenols, 5.84x10-5 mg/g, used the solvent ethanol in the collection in the municipality of Puxinanã; flavonoids in the municipality of Pocinhos, 7.52x10-5 mg/g, also with the solvent ethanol; and a greater affinity in the quantification of tannins using the hexane solvent, detecting 14.10 x 10-5 mg/g in the collection of the municipality of Puxinanã. The chloroform solvent was also able to extract all three metabolites researched, highlighting the quantification of flavonoids in 7.02x10-5 mg/g in the city of Campina Grande, it was possible to verify the importance of the quality control of the species, as well as the seasonality, since the place where the species are inserted and the type of solvent used, interfered in the quantification of the studied metabolites.