Percepção sobre os serviços de saúde por profissionais da atenção básica em contextos rurais

Abstract

As a front door to health services, basic care improved the health conditions of the Brazilian population. However, given the specificities of rural contexts, there are several challenges to be overcome with regard to geographical distances, the difficulty of access to services, the low number of professionals, among other subjects. This research had as a general goal to construct the perception of professionals of Basic health care of rural cities in the State of Paraíba on health services and the health demands of the population. This dissertation is structured in two articles, which were complementary studies. The first article aimed at analyzing the perception of basic health care professionals of rural contexts on health services. Took part of this research 106 professionals in age between 20 to 72. (A = 37.7; SD = 10.51). In this research, the sociodemographic and labor questionnaire was used as an instrument and a health services assessment questionnaire. The data were analyzed by the descriptive statistics. In the evaluation of the service organization, the averages were moderate for the most items. The availability of drugs was the one that presented less positive evaluation. About the bond and attendance the professionals positively evaluated the majority of the covered aspects. Concerning to solve, it is verified that health demands are not solved in the service. In that case a medical referral to the health assistance is made. However, the professionals negatively evaluated the feedback from the other professionals about medical referral. The second article had as goal to analyze the health demands on the Basic health care in rural contexts from the perception of healthy professonal. Took part of this 40 health professionals in age between 23 to 67 years (A = 37.4; SD = 10.54). For the colletion of data the sociodemographic and labor questionnaire and the semi structured interview was used. The data from the questionnaire were analyzed through descriptive statistics, and the data from the interview were analyzed by the Content Analysis of thematic categorical type. Content analysis evidenced the emergence of 195 units of content, which were for thematic categories (User profile, llness in rural contexts explanations, Basic attention in rural contexts and General evaluation of the health service) and 11 subcategories. From the results in both studies, it is conclued that the health demands from population, point to individual, social and programmatic aspects aspects put the population in a situation of vulnerability in health. Even dealing with limited structural conditions, was noticed that the relationship between professionals and users contributed to a positive evaluation with regard to the basic attention in rural cities.