Produções discursivas sobre a noção de clínica ampliada de psicólogas dos CAPS do município de Campina Grande/PB

Abstract

The scope of the practice of the clinic was historically linked in a privileged way to the medical domain, a record in which this traditional notion of clinic was elaborated and disseminated, contributing to the establishment of a paradigm of action, the biomedical one, in which the predominance of the biological explanation for the health-disease process and the suppression of the subject category are its pillars. The notion of expanded clinic, in turn, is an important tool in the field of mental health, when understood and put into practice by professionals working in this area, since it allows a broader look at the health-disease process, as well as the overcoming of the biomedical paradigm and the insertion of subjectivity within the clinic in an epistemological attitude that aims to overcome the limitations of traditional clinic. The processes of Psychiatric Reform and Antimanicomial Struggle throughout the West and also in Brazil culminated in the production of the mental health field in which the notion of expanded clinic is highlighted, becoming indispensable for a professional exercise in line with the complex demands that emerge from this area. This paper aims, therefore, to identify and analyze the discursive productions of the psychologists of the CAPS (Center for Psychosocial Care) of the city of Campina Grande, PB on this notion of extended clinic, as well as the positions, whether favorable or contrary to this notion, identifying the rhetorical resources used in constructing these arguments. Therefore, we will use the English Discursive Social Psychology that presents Discourse Analysis as a theoretical-methodological tool that will guide the analysis of the data obtained in this research. In Discursive Social Psychology discourse constitutes a social action, a way of positioning oneself in the world. It is a tradition of thinking that distances itself from the realistic / essentialist traditions in which language is generally seen as a neutral and transparent way of mirroring reality and is embedded in an epistemological tradition called Constructionism that conceives of the social reality produced in nd by language. This work consists of a qualitative research in which a semi-structured interview was used to perform the data collection. In all, a total of twelve interviews were conducted with the psychologists of the various CAPS of the municipality who agreed to participate voluntarily in the research, whose inclusion / exclusion criterion was to be in their activities in CAPS for at least one year. The interviews were transcribed and categorized based on Discourse Analysis techniques and we identified a total of eight categories present in the participants' speeches that generally point to a somewhat incipient understanding of the notion of expanded clinic, especially in the study regards the theoretical texts and official documents that address this notion. On the other hand, we observed that there is an understanding on the part of professionals that it is necessary to act according to an expanded clinical model to respond to the demands of complex services such as CAPS. We hope that this work can contribute to the strengthening of the mental health field, as it problematizes such an important notion as the extended clinic and allows the realization of a constant self-criticism to the practices practiced in the mental health field.